the use of natural products as medicinal agents presumably predates the earliest recorded history. ocimum sanctum l., is a plant which is used in several traditional medicine systems to cure various diseases. in this study aerial parts of ocimum sanctum were collected on august 2014 from shahr-e-rey in iran. fresh and dry partsof plants essential oils were extracted with hydro-distillation and ...

The influence of pressure variations upon distillation operation does not seem to be well-understood in the open literature, because contradicting statements concerning the importance of pressure control on binary distillation are found. To minimize energy consumption, it is recommended to operate columns at minimum pressure; however, even if column pressure is controlled, instability may still...

Introduction Essential oil is consisting of complex component. It is divided into major and minor component. Therefore, this study aims to examine the distribution of major and minor components on Kaffir lime oil by using fractional distillation. Fractional distillation and distributional analysis of components within fractions have been performed on kaffir lime oil (Citrus hystrix DC.). Meth...

This paper deals with the fractional order multi-loop controller design for a distillation column. The idea is generalization of IMC-PID-FOF method developed monovariable systems to column model which multivariable. principle based on IMC paradigm and choice appropriate control configuration minimum interactions. proposed illustrated an example taken from literature.

The separation of the binary mixture water-acetic acid by direct distillation is not suitable for industrial applications because of the presence of a tangent pinch on the pure water end. The problem is overcome via heterogeneous azeotropic distillation adding a third component, the entrainer, generally immiscible with water. With particular reference to terephthalic acid production process, we...

Existing refinery distillation systems are highly energy-intensive, and have complex column configurations that interact strongly with the associated heat exchanger network. An optimisation approach is developed for existing refinery distillation processes. The optimisation framework includes shortcut models developed for the simulation of the existing distillation column, and a retrofit shortc...

In the present paper, Mathematica, the famous computer algebra, is used to perform steadystate and dynamic simulations of a multi-component distillation column. In order to describe the vapor liquid equilibrium (VLE) relationships and to compute the vaporand liquid-phase enthalpies, the Soave Redlich Kwong equation of state (SRK EOS) is chosen. Rigorous modeling is performed where both mass and...

In a Petlyuk distillation column, two extra degrees of freedom can be used for optimisation purposes. It has been reported that a typical energy saving of 30% is achievable with a Petlyuk distillation column, compared to conventional distillation arrangements. However, the optimal steadystate operation point can be difficult to maintain in practice. In this work we have studied the performance ...