We report four HCV-HIV-coinfected patients who developed herpes zoster or muco-cutaneous herpes virus disease shortly after starting interferon-free antiviral treatment for HCV. We suggest that in our patients the prompt clearance of HCV following direct-acting antivirals leads to a paradoxical effect on the innate and adaptive immune system mediating the reactivation of herpetic infection.

Erythema multiforme (EM) is a clinical conundrum, the name of which reflects the broad morphological spectrum of the lesions [1]. It is an acute, self-limited, episodic and muco-cutaneous inflammatory disorder of the skin and mucous membranes that could be related to immunologic [2] hypersensitivity reaction to certain infections, medications, and other various triggers [3]. It is classified in...

Oral Cleansing, Spiders, Gnathocoxal Gland, Histochemistry, Micromorphological Investigations Histochemical and micromorphological investigations of the gnathocoxal gland in spiders brought out its uniquely adaptive cleansing function. The prey particulates, caught in the oral mi­ crostructures, are bound with mucopolysaccharides or glyco-muco-proteins from the glandular se­ cretions in Araneus...