We have developed a method for the isolation of the subcellular organelles from bovine liver which are enriched in the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) and the cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CD-MPR). The purification scheme consists of sedimentation of a postnuclear supernatant fraction on a sucrose gradient followed by immunoisolation using specific anti...

The cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) follows a highly regulated sorting itinerary to deliver hydrolases from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to lysosomes. Cycling of CI-MPR between the TGN and early endosomes is mediated by GGA3, which directs TGN export, and PACS-1, which directs endosome-to-TGN retrieval. Despite executing opposing sorting steps, GGA3 and PACS-1 bind to ...

In ad hoc and sensor networks, the simplest and most widely used approach to broadcast is blind flooding, which lets every node in the network to rebroadcast a receiving packet to all its neighbors. This causes redundancy of broadcast packets and results in unnecessary collisions and bandwidth waste. To overcome these problems, a number of research groups have proposed more efficient broadcasti...

Broadcasting is a frequently used technique in a wireless ad hoc network not only to deliver protocol control information but also application data. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) uses Multipoint Relay (MPR) to flood Topology Control (TC) message while reducing redundant retransmissions. The downside of reducing duplicated retransmission is vulnerability of the transmitted packet to the pa...

Mobile wireless networks offer numerous possibilities for applications in the current society. Since the radio transmitters become smaller, more and more mobile networks in which persons carry the mobile devices are developed. An example for such an network is given by a data communication network for soldiers or emergency workers, in which positions are exchanged in order to allow all persons ...

Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR) is one promising routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. It recently reached the RFC step and is still under improvement before becoming a standard. Since its first design, OLSR has been associated with the Multipoint Relay (MPR) protocol to reduce the flooding of OLSR topological messages. Many papers has been written on possible promising solu...

Background Measurement of myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) can potentially extend the scope of conventional myocardial perfusion imaging from detection of flow limiting epicardial stenosis to assessment of coronary microvascular function. Recent studies have suggested that MPR may improve risk stratification of patients with known or suspected CAD. MPR has traditionally been measured using PE...

UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to compare the prognostic value of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and myocardial perfusion reserve (MPR) assessed with PET in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Myocardial perfusion is the main determinant of left ventricular function in patients with IHD. The prognostic value of LVEF has been widely established. In addition, MPR dete...

BACKGROUND The controlled beating of cilia of the fallopian tube plays an important role in facilitating the meeting of gametes and subsequently transporting the fertilized egg to its implantation site. Rapid effects of progesterone on ciliary beat frequency have been reported in the fallopian tubes of cows, but the identity of the receptors mediating this non-genomic action of progesterone is ...

BACKGROUND To assess the effect of policies supporting local medicine production to improve access to medicines. METHODS We adapted the WHO/HAI instruments measuring medicines availability and prices to differentiate local from imported products, then pilot tested in Ethiopia and Tanzania. In each outlet, prices were recorded for all products in stock for medicines on a country-specific list....