Dendritic cells (DCs) in lymphoid tissue comprise conventional DCs (cDCs) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) that develop from common DC progenitors (CDPs). CDPs are Flt3(+)c-kit(int)M-CSFR(+) and reside in bone marrow. In this study, we describe a two-step culture system that recapitulates DC development from c-kit(hi)Flt3(-/lo) multipotent progenitors (MPPs) into CDPs and further into cDC and pDC su...

This paper proposes a novel application of a chaos particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for tracking a maximum power point (MPP) of a solar photovoltaic (PV) panel under varying atmospheric conditions. Solar PV cells have a nonlinear V-I characteristic with a distinct MPP which depends on environmental factors such as temperature and irradiation. In order to continuously harvest maximum ...

Massively parallel processors (MPPs) hold the promise of extremely high performance that, if realized, could be used to study problems of unprecedented size and complexity. One of the primary stumbling blocks to this promise has been the lack of tools to automatically translate application codes to MPP form. In this paper we show how applications codes written in a subset of Fortran 77 called F...

To improve our ability to identify hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and their localization in vivo, we compared the gene expression profiles of highly purified HSCs and non-self-renewing multipotent hematopoietic progenitors (MPPs). Cell surface receptors of the SLAM family, including CD150, CD244, and CD48, were differentially expressed among functionally distinct progenitors. HSCs were highly ...

Consensus holds that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to multipotent progenitors (MPPs) of reduced self-renewal potential and that MPPs eventually produce lineage-committed progenitor cells in a stepwise manner. Using a single-cell transplantation system and marker mice, we unexpectedly found myeloid-restricted progenitors with long-term repopulating activity (MyRPs), which are lineage...

The lineage commitment of HSCs generates balanced myeloid and lymphoid populations in hematopoiesis. However, the underlying mechanisms that control this process remain largely unknown. Here, we show that insulin-insulin receptor (InsR) signaling is required for lineage commitment of multipotent progenitors (MPPs). Deletion of Insr in murine bone marrow causes skewed differentiation of MPPs to ...

We investigate the termination problems of multi-path polynomial programs (MPPs) with equational loop guards. To establish sufficient conditions for termination and nontermination simultaneously, we first propose the notion of strong/weak non-termination which under/over-approximates non-termination. Based on polynomial ideal theory, we show that the set of all strong non-terminating inputs (SN...

A number of important control theory problems are involved in the selection of inputoutput schemes of a given system and one family of such problems is referred to as Model Projection Problems (MPP); these problems deal with the selection of effective sets of inputs, outputs out of larger potential sets of inputs, outputs respectively. The aim of this paper is to classify the different types of...

Lifelong blood cell production is dependent on rare hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to perpetually replenish mature cells via a series of lineage-restricted intermediates. Investigating the molecular state of HSCs is contingent on the ability to purify HSCs away from transiently engrafting cells. We demonstrated that human HSCs remain infrequent, using current purification strategies based on T...

Recently, di erence between a Massively Parallel Processor and a network of workstations (NOW) almost disappears from hardware point of view. However, current performance of NOWs is still much lower than that of MPPs because of huge overheads of operating systems. Furthermore, both MPPs and current NOWs are not general-purpose because they have not succeeded in giving users (1) a single system ...