Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by the infectious bite of Anopheles mosquitoes. Vector control of malaria has predominantly focused on targeting the adult mosquito through insecticides and bed nets. However, current vector control methods are often not sustainable for long periods so alternative methods are needed. A novel biocontrol app...

Primary Objective. To test the hypothesis that two injections of enzyme-potentiated mosquito antigen significantly reduce the size of experimental mosquito bites in participants with LLR-MB. Design. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group comparison over 3 months. Setting. Hospital outpatient clinic. Participants. Fifty adult participants of both sexes. Interventions. Two i...

Volatile oils extracted by steam distillation from leaves of two plant species Moschosma polystachyum and Solanum xanthocarpum were evaluated in mosquito cages for their topical repellency effects against filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus. The oil from M. polystachyum was tested at four different concentrations ranging from 1 to 4%. The 4% concentration gave 332.2 minutes protection wherea...

Abstract To induce long-lasting immunity, the host’s immune system must recognize and respond to an invading pathogen upon first encounter. Plasmodium sporozoites, infective stage of malaria parasite, are inoculated into skin by infected mosquitoes as they probe for blood. Only 20% sporozoites reach liver, while rest either draining lymph nodes (dLN) or remain in area at least 6 hours, shedding...

OBJECTIVE To document and test the efficacy of indigenous traditional personal protection methods against mosquito bites and general nuisance. DESIGN A prospective study based on a survey and field evaluation of selected plant-based personal protection methods against mosquito bites. SETTING Bolifamba, a rural setting of the Mount Cameroon region. SUBJECTS A structured questionnaire was a...

A widespread outbreak of tularemia in Sweden in 2000 was investigated in a case-control study in which 270 reported cases of tularemia were compared with 438 controls. The outbreak affected parts of Sweden where tularemia had hitherto been rare, and these "emergent" areas were compared with the disease-endemic areas. Multivariate regression analysis showed mosquito bites to be the main risk fac...

Dengue fever is one of the most important vector-borne diseases. It is transmitted by Aedes Stegomyia aegypti, and one of the most effective strategies to combat the disease is the reduction of exposure to bites of these mosquitoes. In this paper, we present a game-theoretical model in which individuals choose their own level of protection against mosquito bites in order to maximize their own b...

Since the initial reports of a link between Zika and microcephaly, researchers across the world began working toward understanding the virus. In a short amount of time, Zika has become a household name, prompting worldwide concern. The virus is spread rapidly by mosquito bites. We currently do not have a vaccine for Zika. But with the recent findings, vaccine companies are mobilizing their reso...

This study investigated potential risk factors associated with malaria transmission in Tubu village, Okavango subdistrict, a malaria endemic area in northern Botswana. Data was derived from a census questionnaire survey, participatory rural appraisal workshop, field observations, and mosquito surveys. History of malaria episodes was associated with several factors: household income (P < 0.05), ...

Racemic 1-[3-cyclohexen-1-ylcarbonyl]-2-methylpiperidine repels blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes, chiggers, and ticks. The compound contains two asymmetric carbon atoms and the racemate consists of four stereoisomers. Quantitative mosquito bioassays using Aedes aegypti (L.) showed that (1S,2'S) and (1R,2'S) configurations were 2.8-3.1 and 1.6-1.8 times more effective, respectively, t...