In a search for natural products that could be used to control the vectors of tropical diseases, four medicinal plants grown in Nigeria; Moringa oleifera, Senna alata, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, and Vernonia amygdalina were screened for molluscicidal effects. Serial dilutions of 1000, 625, 500, 375, 250, and 125ppm were prepared from the stock solution of the extracts. Adult Biomphalaria pfeiffer...

In 2008 and 2009, acute mortalities occurred in France among Pacific cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas, spat. Different hypothesis including the implication of environmental factors, toxic algae and/or pathogens have been explored. Diagnostic tests indicated that OsHV-1 including a particular genotype, termed OsHV-1 μVar, was detected in most of samples and especially in moribund oysters with th...

Summer mortalities of Crassostreagigas are a major concern in oyster aquaculture. They are the result of a complex interaction between the host, pathogens and environmental factors. Oyster genetics have been identified as an essential determinant of oyster susceptibility to summer mortalities. As the capability of oysters to circumvent diseases depends in part on their immune defenses, we aimed...

To assess extinction risks of loggerhead DPSs, we conducted two independent analyses. The first analysis used the diffusion approximation approach based on time series of counts of nesting females or nests (Lande and Orzack 1988, Dennis et al. 1991, Holmes 2001, Snover and Heppell 2009). This analysis provided a metric (susceptibility to quasi-extinction or SQE) to determine if the probability ...

A study was conducted to determine the role of specific antibodies in immunity to Streptococcus agalactiae. Adult Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were injected i.p. with tryptic soy broth as control or with S. agalactiae vaccine. Ninety days later, fish were challenged with 1.5x10(4)CFUS. agalactiae fish(-1). Blood was drawn from all fish 90d after vaccination and 25d after challenge, and ...

Materials and Methods The poultry industry in India has undergone a paradigm shift, from backyard venture before the 1960s to vibrant intensive agribusiness, growing at around 8 to 10% annually over the last decade. This fast growing industry is currently facing issues regarding waste management. Accumulation of large amount of wastes is one of the major problems, posing serious challenge to th...

United States and Canadian governments have responded to legal requirements to reduce human-induced whale mortality via vessel strikes and entanglement in fishing gear by implementing a suite of regulatory actions. We analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of mortality of large whales in the Northwest Atlantic (23.5°N to 48.0°N), 1970 through 2009, in the context of management changes. We u...

BACKGROUND Road traffic injuries are among the leading causes of death in the world and Iran. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the role of age, sex, education, and time of accident on human casualties and mortalities of road crashes in Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was based on data gathered by Iranian Police Department from the records of road crashes from April 4, 2...

We examined whether the Cretan cohort of the Seven Countries Study (SCS) is representative for the entire population in the island using cancer mortality registries. The analysis was carried out on the Cretan cohort of the SCS cancer mortality data and a similar cancer registry for the general population during a 51-year follow-up (1960-2011). Information about the causes of mortality was obtai...

The multifactorial etiology of massive Crassostrea gigas summer mortalities results from complex interactions between oysters, opportunistic pathogens and environmental factors. In a field survey conducted in 2014 in the Mediterranean Thau Lagoon (France), we evidenced that the development of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella, which produces paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), was c...