Strong cluster eccentricity evolution for z ≤ 0.13 has appeared in a variety of observational data sets. We examine the evolution of eccentricity in simulated galaxy clusters using a variety of simulation methodologies, amplitude normalizations, and background cosmologies. We do not find find significant evolution for z < 0.1 in any of our simulation ensembles. We suggest a systematic error in ...

Glassy carbon (GC) has been high-pressure high-temperature treated. An interesting morphology evolution from the pristine sample to the high pressure products was observed. It is found that GC can be graphitized under pressure at a temperature much lower than that at ambient condition. Furthermore the in−situ structure and electrical measurements of GC and graphitized glassy carbon (GGC) under ...

The goal of this research is to study the conditions in which evolution may lead to the sustained emergence of novel behaviours, and how this may be applied to the automatic design of complex entities. We argue that with regard to artificial evolution, this field of study has been rather overlooked, with a preference given to mathematical or experimental results based on abstract selection mode...

Sediment tracers are increasingly employed to estimate bed load transport and landscape evolution rates. Tracer trajectories are dominated by periods of immobility (“waiting times”) as they are buried and reexcavated in the stochastically evolving river bed. Here we model bed evolution as a random walk with mean-reverting tendency (Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process) originating from the restoring effe...

The main aim of this paper is to study the material removal phenomenon using the finite element method (FEM) analysis for orthogonal cutting, and the impact of cutting speed variation on the chip formation, stress and plastic deformation. We have explored different constitutive models describing the tool-workpiece interaction. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model with damage initiation and damag...

How ecological opportunity relates to diversification is a central question in evolutionary biology. However, there are few empirical examples of how ecological opportunity and morphological innovation open new adaptive zones, and promote diversification. We analyse data on diet, skull morphology and bite performance, and relate these traits to diversification rates throughout the evolutionary ...

We applied two-photon polymerization to fabricate 3D synthetic niches arranged in complex patterns to study the effect of mechano-topological parameters on morphology, renewal and differentiation of rat mesenchymal stromal cells. Niches were formed in a photoresist with low auto-fluorescence, which enabled the clear visualization of the fluorescence emission of the markers used for biological d...

Using Chandra archival data, we have begun a study to quantify the evolution of cluster morphology with redshift. To quantify cluster morphology, we use the power ratio method developed by Buote and Tsai (1995). Power ratios are constructed from moments of the twodimensional gravitational potential and are, therefore, related to a cluster’s dynamical state. Our sample will include around 50 clu...

Angular momentum exchange is a driving process for the evolution of barred galaxies. Material at resonance in the bar region loses angular momentum which is taken by material at resonance in the outer disc and/or the halo. By losing angular momentum, the bar grows stronger and slows down. This evolution scenario is backed by both analytical calculations and by N-body simulations. The morphology...