This study was designed to examine the effect of environmental enrichment during morphine dependency and withdrawal on the severity of naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs, anxiety, and depressive-like behaviors and voluntary morphine consumption in morphine-dependent rats. The rats were injected with bi-daily doses (10 mg/kg, 12 h intervals) of morphine for 14 days following rearing in a sta...

The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of chronic and acute treatment of the essential oil (EO) of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. on the development of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice. Mice were rendered tolerant to and dependent on morphine by subcutaneous injection of morphine over a period of 5 days. Tolerance was assessed using the tail-pinch test and withdrawal sig...

Monoaminergic drugs can modify opioid withdrawal in nonhumans, and cocaine is reported to attenuate opioid withdrawal in humans. Drug discrimination was used to examine whether s.c. cocaine or other indirect-acting monoamine agonists attenuate morphine (3.2 mg/kg/day) withdrawal induced by naltrexone and by 27 h of morphine deprivation. Naltrexone-precipitated withdrawal was attenuated not only...

background: the study was performed to investigate the effects of morphine dependency and morphine withdrawal on the reproductive system of adult male rat(wistar).  methods: 32 adult male rat divided into 5 groups. animals in the control group (n=8) received normal saline (1ml/kg) twice daily subcutaneously for 30 consecutive days. animals in dependent group (n=8) received morphine (10mg/ml/kg)...

BACKGROUND Glycogen-synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is involved in many signaling pathways and is associated with a host of high-profile pathophysiological states. However, its role in morphine tolerance, especially naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome, has not been well investigated. The present study was undertaken to study the role of GSK3 in chronic morphine exposure. METHODS Adult male Spr...

We measured stimulation of c-fos and oxytocin gene expression during excitation of oxytocin cells induced by systemic or local morphine withdrawal. Female rats were made morphine-dependent by intracerebroventricular morphine infusion over 5 d. Morphine withdrawal, induced by systemic injection of the opioid antagonist naloxone (5 mg/kg) in conscious or anesthetized rats, increased the density o...

Experimental and clinical findings have shown that administration of adrenoceptor antagonists alleviated different aspects of drug withdrawal and dependence. The present study tested the hypothesis that changes in CREB activation and phosphorylated TORC1 levels in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) after naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal as well as the HPA axis activity aris...

The effects of ascorbic acid (AA) were investigated on the morphine withdrawal response of guinea-pigs, a species which shares with man the inability to synthesize AA. Chronic pretreatment of guinea-pigs with AA, 1 g/l, in drinking water for 3 days, or AA 200 mg/kg subcutaneously (s.c.) 3 times daily for 3 days, markedly reduced the locomotor and behavioural withdrawal responses of guinea-pigs ...

The effect of withdrawal from chronic morphine or amphetamine treatment on dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in the ventral-medial striatum was studied by use of in vivo microdialysis. There was no effect of 24 h of amphetamine withdrawal on the basal concentration of DA in the ventral-medial striatum. Spontaneous morphine withdrawal (24 h) was associated with a significant decrease in the basal ...

Choice procedures have indicated that the relative reinforcing effectiveness of opioid drugs increases during opioid withdrawal. The demand curve, an absolute measure of reinforcer value, has not been applied to this question. The present study assessed whether mild morphine withdrawal would increase demand for or choice of remifentanil or cocaine. Four rhesus monkeys chose between remifentanil...