After a sublethal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or to lipid A, which is that portion of the LPS molecule associated with endotoxicity, a transient period ensues during which a normally responsive individual is rendered hyporesponsive to LPS-induced toxicity. This period has been defined as early-phase endotoxin tolerance. Recently, a nontoxic derivative of lipid A from Salmonella typhimu...

Active vaccination can be effective as a post-exposure prophylaxis, but the rapidity of the immune response induced, relative to the incubation time of the pathogen, is critical. We show here that CD40mAb conjugated to antigen induces a more rapid specific antibody response than currently used immunological adjuvants, alum and monophosphoryl lipid A.

In the past, the toxicity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or its principal bioactive component, lipid A, has detracted from their potential use as radioprotectants. Recently, a relatively nontoxic monophosphoryl Lipid A (LAM) that retains many of the immunobiologic properties of LPS has been isolated from a polysaccharide deficient Re mutant strain of Salmonella minnesota (R595). The abil...

The modulatory effects of lipid A (diphosphoryl lipid A (DLA) and monophosphoryl lipid A (MLA)) on apoptosis induction and DNA structure damage (singleand double-strand breaks (SSBs and DSBs, respectively)) in peripheral human blood lymphocytes are studied for Co gamma irradiation. It is shown that in the presence of these agents the number of apoptotic cells increases compared with the irradia...

Abstract Sepsis, a life-threatening organ dysfunction induced by severe infection and uncontrolled host immune response, threatens the health of people all over world. Herein, type nanoparticle formulation with simple components is synthesized encapsulating monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), TLR4 agonist, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle. The obtained nanoparticles (MPLA@PLGA) coul...