The genealogical relationships of individuals in a finite population can create statistical non-independence of alleles at unlinked loci. In this paper, we introduce a flexible graphical method for computing the probabilities that two individuals in a finite, randomly mating population have the same haplotype or genotype at several loci. This method allows us to generalize the analysis of Lauri...

Beginning in the late nineteenth century, the question of whether concubinage violated the principle of monogamy arose in legal and public debates. Late imperial views of the concubine as a minor wife continued to influence popular views of the concubine in the Republic, leading many to condemn concubinage as bigamy. Hoping to circumvent the monogamy issue, Republican jurists who wished to cont...

Any two-qubit state can be faithfully represented by a steering ellipsoid inside the Bloch sphere, but not every ellipsoid inside the Bloch sphere corresponds to a two-qubit state. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for when the geometric data describe a physical state and investigate maximal volume ellipsoids lying on the physical-unphysical boundary. We derive monogamy relations for ...

The original quantum discord (QD) is shown to be not monogamous except for the three-qubit states. Recently, a complete monogamy relation multiparty system was established entanglement in [Phys. Rev. A. {101}, 032301~(2020)], and addition, new multipartite generalization of QD proposed Lett. {124}, 110401~(2020)]. In this work, we firstly define (MQD) global (GQD). MQD, with same spirit as enta...

Comparative analyses suggest that monogamous breeding systems evolved in mammals where feeding competition reduces range overlap between breeding females, preventing males from guarding more than one female at a time (1). In contrast, a recent analysis for primates suggests that monogamy evolved as a form of paternal care that reduces the risk of male infanticide (2). Here we reexamine the dist...

The evolution of monogamy and paternal care in humans is often argued to have resulted from the needs of our expensive offspring. Recent research challenges this claim, however, contending that promiscuous male competitors and the risk of cuckoldry limit the scope for the evolution of male investment. So how did monogamy first evolve? Links between mating strategies and partner availability may...

The anthropological record indicates that approximately 85 per cent of human societies have permitted men to have more than one wife (polygynous marriage), and both empirical and evolutionary considerations suggest that large absolute differences in wealth should favour more polygynous marriages. Yet, monogamous marriage has spread across Europe, and more recently across the globe, even as abso...

Only around 3% of all mammalian species are socially monogamous and the conditions that favor the evolution of this mating system in mammals are not well understood. With several approaches, studies have proposed different hypotheses relating female dispersion and infanticide as drivers for the evolution of social monogamy. Here, we used an agent-based model, that allowed us to examine how diff...