Sperm cells have been isolated from pollen tubes growing in style segments of the dicotlyledon Rhododendron macgregoriae and the monocotyledon Gladiolus gandavensis by the in vivo/in vitro method at various stages of fertilization. Pollen tubes emerged from the cut end of the style into agar medium, and more than 95% contained sperm cells. Sperm cells were released from the pollen tubes by osmo...

Returning to the sea, just like invasion of land, has occurred in many groups of animals and plants. For flowering plants, traits adapted to the terrestrial environments have to change or adopt a new function to allow the plants to survive and prosper in the sea where water motion tends to rotate and move seeds. In this investigation, how seeds of the seagrass Thalassia hemprichii (Hydrocharita...

6-Methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (MBOA) is an allelochemical that found in Poaceae and generally associated with monocotyledon species. This compound formed from the glycosylated form of 2,4-dihydroxy-(2H)-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (Gly-DIMBOA) by a two-stage degradation process. The MBOA detoxification capacity two weed species, namely Echinochloa crus-galli Lolium rigidum, resistant biotype rigidum...

The genus Begonia is greatly affected by abiotic stresses, which lead to losses in greenhouse production and flower longevity. Obtaining more-tolerant plants a very important breeding goal ornamentals. To achieve tolerant Begonia×tuberhybrida, OsmiR393a, miRNA involved the tolerance of was introduced using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Explants were cultured on modified MS medium suppl...

there are many methods for weed management one of them is putting allelopathic and cover crop in weed management programs. in order to study the effect of sowing time (delayed sowing, synchronic sowing) and wheat cultivars (shiraz, roshan, tabasi, niknejad) on allelopathic interaction of wheat and weed species (secale cereale l., avena ludoviciana l.: monocotyledon, convolvulus arvensis l. and ...

Festuca L. comprises perennial herbs and about 450 species. It belongs to the tribe Poeae R. Br. (= Festucaceae Dumort), subfamily Pooideae of Poaceae. These species are different in leaf size, life duration and lamina width. The genus is divided into two groups based on lamina width: fine-leaved and broad-leaved. In this study, leaf anatomy of F. akhanii, F. elwendiana,F. heterophylla, F. sulc...

Abstract Two of the largest subfamilies Crambidae, Pyraustinae and Spilomelinae, have 341 species recorded in Japan, but their natural relationships are poorly understood. We reconstructed a molecular phylogeny based on one mitochondrial (COI) three nuclear genes (CAD, EF1-α, RpS5) for 129 69 genera Spilomelinae 62 27 from Japan. The concatenated data was analyzed by maximum likelihood Bayesian...

BACKGROUND Banana (genus Musa) is a crop of major economic importance worldwide. It is a monocotyledonous member of the Zingiberales, a sister group of the widely studied Poales. Most cultivated bananas are natural Musa inter-(sub-)specific triploid hybrids. A Musa acuminata reference nuclear genome sequence was recently produced based on sequencing of genomic DNA enriched in nucleus. METHODO...

Objective: Polygonatum (Asparagaceae) is a rhizomatous monocotyledon genus that distributed in the temperate regions of Northern Hemisphere. The represented by 5 species Turkey (P. glaberrimum, P. latifolium, multiflorum, verticillatum and orientale). Karyological, palynological, phylogenic, chemotaxonomical some anatomical studies have been carried out previously. However, detailed features sc...