The relation between money and price has unique relevance in price stability. Rational expectations theorists hold that both anticipated and unanticipated money supply affect price level. This paper addresses this issue and enquires if anticipated and unanticipated money supplies have any role in the variations in whole sale and consumer prices (WPI & CPI) in India over the period 1992:Q1 to 20...

It is commonly thought that interest rates should decrease in response to a positive velocity innovation. Velocity innovations, therefore, should lead to the same qualitative effects in the financial and goods markets as money supply innovations. The present paper represents an empirical investigation of the above theoretical statements. By using structural Vector Autoregression (VAR) methods, ...

the purpose of this research is investigation of application of the arbitrage pricing theory and effect of unanticipated changes in a set of macroeconomic variables such as inflation rate, money supply, exchange rate, oil price, term structure and industrial production on expected security return in tehran stock exchange. in this research, data are analyzed quarterly for the period of 1997-2008...

In response to the financial crisis of 2008, the Federal Reserve radically increased the monetary base. Banks responded by increasing excess reserves rather than increasing bank loans, and the public responded with a substantial flight to liquidity in the form of currency and demand deposits. As a result, the money-supply multipliers substantially decreased, so that the actual money supply meas...

1. Money has three functions: it is a store of value, a unit of account, and a medium of exchange. As a store of value, money provides a way to transfer purchasing power from the present to the future. As a unit of account, money provides the terms in which prices are quoted and debts are recorded. As a medium of exchange, money is what we use to buy goods and services. 2. Fiat money is establi...

In an open economy, outside money in positive supply does not eliminate the real indeterminacy which arises under uncertainty and incomplete asset markets. If money supply is subject to shocks or is not perfectly credible in all countries, the level of a fixed exchange rate matters. Analogous results obtain in cash in advance models.

It is common in practice that retailers liquidate unsold perishable goods via clearance pricing. Markdown money is frequently used between manufacturers and retailers in such a supply chain setting. It is a form of rebate from a manufacturer to subsidize a retailer’s clearance pricing after the regular season. Two forms of markdown money are percent markdown money, in which the markdown money i...