The need to determine the distribution of a given cellular or molecular marker within the brain is common to a wide range of neuroscience investigations. Localization is an essential parameter both for the interpretation of findings in an anatomical and functional context, as well as for comparing findings across specimens. Knowledge of temporal and spatial gene expression patterns in the brain...

Several DNA molecular markers are now available for use in surveillance and investigation of foodborne outbreaks that were previously difficult to detect. The results from several sources of literature indicate substantially different degrees of sensitivities between conventional detection methods and molecular-based methods. The new technology is noted for increased sensitivity over the tradit...

Endogenous non-coding small RNAs usually consist of 20–24 nucleotides, are found ubiquitously throughout the genome and play important regulatory roles in most eucaryotes. In this study, a new kind of PCR-based marker approach using multi-mapped small RNA sequences, called inter small RNA polymorphism (iSNAP), was developed. iSNAP primers were designed based on multi-mapped small RNA and its tw...

Trichoderma “viride” TNAU is the most widely used biofungicide in India with more than 250 registered commercial formulations being available. We have studied the phylogenetic position of this strain using a molecular marker and determined that this commercial strain is, in fact, a strain of Trichoderma asperelloides, and not T. viride. The implications of these findings on the registration and...

Joint centre locations can be determined using imaging, bony landmarks and functional methods. Using intracortical pins, CT-scan and skin markers, sternoclavicular (SC), acromioclavicular (AC) and glenohumeral (GH) joints were located and compared for four participants. The use of skin and pin markers led to inconsistent results for SC and AC joints, while bony landmarks and CT based locations ...

Background: Downy mildew caused by Plasmopara halstedii is one of the most devastating diseases of sunflower worldwide. So far several dominant resistance genes designated as Pl have been identified and their molecular markers linked to these genes are available. However, no information on the resistance genes is available in Iranian lines. Objective: In this study, the presence of three map-b...