Most probably, all life existing today on earth shares a common ancestry billions of years back in the past. A set of indispensable genes necessary for maintenance of basic cell functions were passed on from the unknown common ancestor to its extant descendants by asexual and/or sexual reproduction. During the course of evolution, the genes, the numbers of genes, their functions and the sizes o...

The social insects live in extraordinarily complex and cohesive societies, where many individuals sacrifice their personal reproduction to become helpers in the colony. Identifying adaptive molecular changes involved in eusocial evolution in insects is important for understanding the mechanisms underlying transitions from solitary to social living, as well as the maintenance and elaboration of ...

The genus Brevicellicium encompasses wood-inhabiting corticioid fungi characterized by isodiametric subhymenial hyphae, short basidia, and smooth, often subangular spores with a distinct apiculus. Eight new LSU nrDNA sequences and 13 new ITS nrDNA of this genus, including the type species, were aligned with 47 and 42 accessions respectively of species of Trechisporales obtained from GenBank, an...

Background: Despite a trend showing continued improvement in survival by combing targeted agents for colorectal cancer (CRC), the observed is limited. Moreover, clinically relevant benefits were not achieved peritoneal metastasis cases. The role of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) have been questioned. This review aimed to provide an overview cur...

A focus on pair bonds between males and females is fundamental to study the evolution of social organization. Because pair bonds are generally identified from direct observations of pairs that maintain physical proximity, pair bonds may have been overlooked in animals that do not exhibit such visible pairs. The Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish Xenotilapia rotundiventralis forms schools that consist...