This paper presents a literature review that indicate happiness as a state of freely available or surplus energy. Happiness is associated with good metabolism and glucose levels, fewer demands (from parenting, work, difficult social relationships, or personal threats), and goal achievement, as well as increased ease of processing, mental resources, social support, and monetary wealth. Each of t...

Within European Union priorities, the problematic of available water sources have paid attention through the development of an integrated policy to reduce and control pressures and consequently leakage. In drinking pipe systems Pressure Reducing Valves (PRV) are used as dissipative devices for pressure control through a localized pressure drop. The use of microturbines or pumps operating as tur...

in exploration seismology quality factor is widely used as a seismic attribute to identify anomalies related to attenuation, especially those caused by hydrocarbon. previous studies have indicated that seismic energy loss known as attenuation is greater for high frequency components of seismic data compared to the low frequency components. here the continuous wavelet transform is used to study ...

Recently, some efforts focus on differentiating dark energy and modified gravity with the growth function δ(z). In the literature, it is useful to parameterize the growth rate f ≡ d ln δ/d ln a = Ωm with the growth index γ. In this note, we consider the general DGP model with any Ωk. We confront the growth index of DGP model with currently available growth rate data and find that the DGP model ...

There is now strong observational evidence that the expansion of the Universe is accelerating. The standard explanation invokes an unknown "dark energy" component. But such scenarios are faced with serious theoretical problems, which has led to increased interest in models where instead general relativity is modified in a way that leads to the observed accelerated expansion. The question then a...

Explanations of the late-time cosmic acceleration within the framework of general relativity are plagued by difficulties. General relativistic models are mostly based on a dark energy field with fine-tuned, unnatural properties. There is a great variety of models, but all share one feature in common – an inability to account for the gravitational properties of the vacuum energy, and a failure t...