AIM Many studies have been performed on the methodological qualities of the (modified) Ashworth Scale but overall these studies seem inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the construct validity and inter-rater reliability of the Ashworth Scale (AS) for the assessment of spasticity in the upper and lower extremities. METHOD A cross-sectional study on spasticity in the elbow fl...

To analyze the effect of botox on upper limb spasm after hemiplegia stroke under background rehabilitation training is main objective study. The data was collected from 100 patients with treated in Rehabilitation Medicine Department Zhejiang Hospital May 2020 to June 2022. These were randomly divided into 50 each and included study group control group. received therapy context training, while o...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. METHODS The study included eleven subjects with spinal cord injuries (C4 to T5). The modified Ashworth scale and pendulum test, which is accomplished through the Pendular Test Device - PTD (equipment which has a quartz crystal transducer accelerometer and optic fiber fle...

Introduction: Spasticity is a typical motor disorder in patients affected by stroke. Typically post-stroke rehabilitation consists of repetition of mobilization exercises on impaired limbs, aimed to reduce muscle hypertonia and mitigate spastic reflexes. It is currently strongly debated if the treatment's effectiveness improves with the timeliness of its adoption; in particular, starting intens...

Purpose: Stroke is one of leading causes of neuromuscular disorders that affects the patients’ abilities during standing and walking. Various treatments have been used to restore and improve patients’ stability and reduce falling risks. This study aimed to assess the effect of Kinesio taping on dynamic balance and spasticity in subjects with stroke disorder. Methods: This project w...

Context : Kinesio Taping (KT) produces several clinical effects, including pain relief, edema absorption, and improved muscle performance. When applied in the insertion to origin mode, it is claimed inhibit excessive contractions. Objective Investigate whether KT mode could reduce exaggerated reflex contraction of spastic muscles. Design Randomized crossover trial, with a restricted block rando...

We evaluated the efficiency of botulinum toxin type A injection followed by a rehabilitation program including individual therapy, group therapy, and occupational therapy in cases of cerebral palsy with upper extremity involvement. A total of 29 injections were performed on 25 patients, and the patients were placed on rehabilitation program. At 3-month and 6-month assessments, there was a signi...

The Modified Modified Ashworth Scale (MMAS) is a clinical instrument for measuring spasticity. Few studies have been performed on the reliability of the MMAS. The aim of the present study was to investigate the intrarater reliability of the MMAS for the assessment of spasticity in the lower limb. We conducted a test-retest study on spasticity in the hip adductors, knee extensors, and ankle plan...