Hygienic behaviour, an intranidal task performed by middle-aged worker bees is an important behavioural mechanism of resistance to disease and to attack by Varroa destructor, an ectoparasitic mite. We studied the effect of a colony’s genotypic composition on the expression of this behaviour among worker bees by creating normal age-structured colonies with different proportions of bees belonging...

Hygienic behavior in honey bees is a behavioral mechanism of disease resistance. Bees bred for hygienic behavior exhibit an increased olfactory sensitivity to odors of diseased brood, which is most likely differentially enhanced in the hygienic line by the modulatory effects of octopamine (OA), a noradrenaline-like neuromodulator. Here, we addressed whether the hygienic behavioral state is link...

Presenting a case study of enclavisation in Karachi (Pakistan), this thesis addresses conceptual, theoretical and empirical gaps in literature on enclaved urbanism so as to present an analysis of enclavisation and violence as inter-relational processes. By taking into account the politics of navigating enclaved urbanism in Karachi, this project contributes to the agenda of developing a critical...

The Open University's repository of research publications and other research outputs Fairtrade urbanism? The politics of place beyond place in the Bristol fairtrade city campaign Journal Article

This article analyzes the contributions of the Hungarian engineer and architect Adalberto Szilard to the modernization of architecture and urbanism in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, for the period of 30 years, from the 1920s to the 1950s. Szilard emigrated to Brazil in 1926 and settled down in Rio de Janeiro. His constant movement between the fields of architecture and urbanism, from archi...

Quasiquotation in Scheme is nearly ideal for implementing programs that generate other programs. These programs lack only the ability to generate fresh bound identifiers, as required to make such code-manipulating programs hygienic, but any Scheme programmer knows how to provide this ability using gensym. In this tutorial we investigate hygienic quasiquotation in Scheme and in languages influen...

This paper summarizes the main experiences in the starting period of the project ELDORADOC, a pilot study at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands aiming at the disclosure and distribution of refereed electronic documents. ELDORADOC is one of the SURFDOC projects in the Netherlands where activities are initiated in order to gain insight in the technical, organisational and end user iss...

Data mining refers to the knowledge discovery in data base process (KDD) which is a procedure from which useful information is drawn and summarized into a specific pattern. In other words it is the process of extracting and gaining useful knowledge data. “Better sound through research”. The paper centralizes on the prediction of humanistic behaviour and hence integrates and manipulates various ...