The pruning phase is one of the necessary steps in decision tree induction. Existing pruning algorithms tend to have some or all of the following difficulties: 1) lack of theoretical support; 2) high computational complexity; 3) dependence on validation; 4) complicated implementation. The 2-norm pruning algorithm proposed here addresses all of the above difficulties. This paper demonstrates the...

This Supplementary Information further describes the methods used in DEEPer by providing additional details and proofs. Section A proves the validity of the indirect pruning algorithms, Algorithms 1 (proved in A.1) and 2 (in A.2), and derives their time complexity (A.3). Section B describes some details of implementation, relating to the application of perturbations (B.1) and the choice of prun...

Gent, D. H., Nelson, M. E., Grove, G. G., Mahaffee, W. F., Turechek, W. W., and Woods, J. L. 2012. Association of spring pruning practices with severity of powdery mildew and downy mildew on hop. Plant Dis. 96:1343-1351. Downy mildew (caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli) and powdery mildew (caused by Podosphaera macularis) are important diseases of hop in the Pacific Northwest United States, and...

Winter pruning has been a common practice in peach. Twig topping associated with it, but this used at the same intensity, regardless of cultivar. Therefore, study aimed evaluating productive behavior and quality ‘Maciel’ peach grafted on ‘Capdeboscq’ ‘Okinawa’ (P. persica) as rootstocks, when they were submitted to different twig intensities winter pruning. The following three evaluated: short ...

The effects of initial spacing layout on some allometric characteristics of 12-year-old Quercus castaneifolia trees grown in Central Mazandaran, north of Iran were examined. Trees were planted in 5 different layouts (1?1, 1.5?1.5, 2?2.5, 2?3 and 4?4 m). Tree height, diameter at breast height, natural pruning height and the survival of trees were recorded in each sample plot. Tree basal area and...

among the most important mineral nutrients calcium is involved in determining fruit quality. there is one approad to increase fruit firmness, how to harvest, transport and storage of kiwifruit in iran is not appropriate and resulting damages caused by careless use of traditional methods in the field to offer to the consumer is very high. how harvest, transport and storage of kiwifruit, in iran,...

A general problem in qualitative physics is determining the consequences of assumptions about the behavior of a system. If the space of behaviors is represented by an envisionment, many such consequences can be represented by pruning states from the envisionment. This paper provides a formal logic of occurrence which justi es the algorithms involved and provides a language for relating speci c ...

In this paper we present our approach of improving the traditional alpha-beta search process for strategic board games by modifying the method in two ways: 1) forgoing the evaluation of leaf nodes that are not terminal states and 2) employing a utility table that stores the utility for subsets of board configurations. In this paper we concentrate our efforts on the game of Connect Four. Our res...

Developmental axon pruning is essential for wiring the mature nervous system, but its regulation remains poorly understood. Here we show that the endosomal-lysosomal pathway regulates developmental pruning of Drosophila mushroom body γ neurons. We demonstrate that the UV radiation resistance-associated gene (UVRAG) functions together with all core components of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase...