background: gnrh agonist and antagonist were developed to control the premature release of lh surge. there is some difference between two protocols. objective: we compared the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer in infertile women who used gnrh agonist or antagonist protocol for previous coh cycle and evaluation of any adverse effect of gnrh antagonist on oocyte and embryo. materials and m...

PURPOSE The association between tenaculum application to the cervix just before embryo transfer and lower pregnancy rate has been reported. However, studies on the use of tenaculum in intrauterine insemination (IUI) cycles are not available. This study attempted to investigate whether the use of tenaculum affects the clinical outcomes of IUI. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred and thirty three...

background: sildenafil citrate may increase endometrial thickness and affect the outcome of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. objective: the aim of this study was to estimate the effect of sildenafil citrate on ultrasonographic endometrial thickness and pattern and to investigate the estrogen level on the day of progesterone administration, the implantation rate and chemical pregnancy rate ...

During Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) procedures, the transfer of a single embryo dramatically reduces the rate of multiple pregnancy. Proper information, therefore, should be delivered to patients before embryo transfer. In many countries, regulations limit, according to age of the patient, the number of embryos to be transferred. Selective fetal reduction should not be considered as a...

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of IVF/ ICSI by modification of embryo transfer technique following embryo transfer. Materials and Methods: In this randomized trial study, two groups of infertile women (n = 55) aged %40 years underwent in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection treatment cycles with or without 0.2 mL of air pushed into the catheter...

  Effect of Cervical Mucus Aspiration with Insulin Syringe on Pregnancy Rate in ART Cycles     A. Aflatoonian MD1*, M. Asgharnia MD 2, N.Tabibnejad GP3     1- Associated Professor, Dept. of Gynecology, University of Medical Sciences and Research and Clinical Center of Infertility, Yazd, Iran   2- Assistant Professor, Dept. of Gynecology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran   3- G...

Background: One of the main problems in ART is low pregnancy rates. The factors involved in successful pregnancy include; 1. mother related factors such as the status of endometrial receptivity and hormonal status of the mother. 2. embryo related factors such as; number of transferred embryo, embryo scores including: number and size of the blastomeres, and their fragmentation. The aim of the pr...