1. introduction as strongly accepted among climatologists, climate change is a result of human activities. there is disagreement about how to define climate change, because of tremendous difference of climate changes in scale, intensity and occurrence time in various regions. recently there have been several observation analyses involving daily and extreme daily temperature trend and variabilit...

in this experiment six healthy adult dairy jersey cattles and eight calves (aged 4-6 months) were selected to measure temperature of different body skin sites, rectal temperature, respiration and heart rates during summer and winter. body sites maximum and minimum temperature in calves during summer belonged to the ear, forehead, right flank, abdomen (38.4-38.9 ˚c) and carpus (32 ˚c). this was ...