Liposome encapsulation technology has been used to entrap aqueous calcium salts within dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine lipid vesicles, which were then used to form calcium phosphate minerals. The calcium encapsulation efficiency was found to depend upon a number of factors that included calcium salt concentration, vesicle size, lipid concentration, and method of vesicle preparation. Removal of u...

In order to determine mineralogy of rock and soil samples, reflectance and emittance spectroscopy in the near-infra red and short-wave infra-red is used extensively and found to be inexpensive. Hyper spectral remote sensing satellite data are found to be prospective to deliver in depth physico-chemistry like mineralogy, chemistry, morphology of the earth’s surface. Therefore hyper spectral data...

Vascular calcifications has been associated with bone and mineral disorders. The alterations in the serum level of calcium concentrations and phosphate are importants factors implicated in the arterial calcification in chronic kidney disease. The pathogenesis of vascular calcification is a complex mechanism and not completely clear, being able to correspond to an active process of cellular tran...

We present a field application of a new in situ technique to analyze phase transformations of fine lead oxide particles (50-100mum) in different soils directly in the field over 18 months. After the first month of exposure to a calcareous sand we found newly precipitated secondary mineral phases on the lead oxide. The samples exposed to two loamy soils (Dystric Cambisol and Luvisol) showed only...

wide range of products is available; from inorganic, sodium selenite or selenate coated or not, even nanoparticles to organic forms such as selenized yeasts, chelates of selenium methionine (SeMet), pure forms of SeMet or hydroxy-selenomethionine, and some complexes sources of Se based on mixing mineral Se with glycinates, proteinates, etc. It has been confirmed that, comparing with mineral sel...

In the literature octocalcium phosphate as well as brushite have been proposed as the precursor phase for bone mineral in the higher vertebrates. In this study it is shown that the situation is more complex. A sodium and carbonate containing apatite (NCCA) and a magnesium whitlockite (MWH) are present from the beginning of mineralization together with octocalcium phosphate. Upon further bone de...

microwave energy has potential for the efficient heating of minerals. minerals or materials, which couple to microwave energy are called dielectrics and many valuable minerals are found to be dielectric. the mineral ilmenite is one which shows good dielectric heating characteristics. in this paper, the effect of microwave heat energy on the partial reduction of oxidized ilmenite oxidized in ...