The role of trace minerals in animal production is an area of strong interest for producers, feed manufactures, veterinarians and scientists. Adequate trace mineral intake and absorption is required for a variety of metabolic functions including immune response to pathogenic challenge, reproduction and growth. Mineral supplementation strategies quickly become complex because differences in trac...

There are over 70 known mineral inten'elationships in which an additional dietary quantity of one mineral element wilt influence absowtion or utilization of another mineral element. As the animal ages, the readiness of availability of stored mineral dements in the bone decreases. Animals do adapt to reduced dietary intake of minerals as shown for Ca by reducing fecal excretion and increasing ab...

Ca nutritional requirements and bone Ca turnover can be assessed using numerous techniques. Among these techniques are bone mass measurements, tracer kinetic studies, bone histomorphometry and biochemical studies. Stable-isotope-based kinetic studies offer unique advantages in their ability to assess both Ca absorption and turnover. This approach is safe and readily applicable to subjects of al...

A positive identification of the minerals olivine, plagioclase, and several types of pyroxenes were made at several ocations on the lunar surface by using remote measurements. For example, the crater Aristarchus is found to have an average pyroxene composition of augite, and plagioclase is obviously present. A dark mantle deposit in the crater J. Herschel is at least partly composed of a mixtur...

Nutrient needs increase during pregnancy and lactation to support fetal growth and milk synthesis, respectively. Physiological adjustments that are made to meet those needs alter the fraction of ingested nutrient retained, or the bioavailability. Using stable isotopes as tracers, we measured calcium, zinc and selenium homeostasis in women during reproduction. The physiological response, and the...

Two separate balance experiments of P, Ca, Mg and Zn were carried out on 5 lots of 4 growing pigs each (35-40 kg) adapted for 3 weeks to one of the diets studied. In the first experiment, the control diet was compared with a diet containing 20% of coarse wheat bran, thus richer in minerals, the quantities ingested not being equalized. In the second experiment, three diets were compared: a contr...

Bovine and caprine Monterey Jack cheeses were produced unfortified (cheese) or fortified with milk calcium (Ca-cheese). Five groups of male rats were fed a control diet or one of four experimental diets: bovine cheese diet, bovine Ca-cheese diet, caprine cheese diet, and caprine Ca-cheese diet to test their effects on calcium absorption as well as bone mineralization. Significant differences (P...

BACKGROUND Natural mineral waters may be an essential source of calcium, magnesium and other minerals. In bottled waters, minerals occur in an ionized form which is very well digestible. However, the concentration of minerals in underground waters (which constitute the material for the production of bottled waters) varies. In view of the above, the type of water consumed is essential. OBJECTI...

The in vitro bioaccessibility of calcium, iron and zinc of breads added with different bread spreads was determined. The mineral contents were assessed by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer and expressed in fresh weight (mg/100 g). For the mineral bioaccessibility determination, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion was applied. Among the bread samples, calcium content of wholemeal bread w...

During pregnancy and lactation, female physiology adapts to meet the added nutritional demands of fetuses and neonates. An average full-term fetus contains ∼30 g calcium, 20 g phosphorus, and 0.8 g magnesium. About 80% of mineral is accreted during the third trimester; calcium transfers at 300-350 mg/day during the final 6 wk. The neonate requires 200 mg calcium daily from milk during the first...