Abandoned mine lands (AMLs), which are considered some of the most dangerous anthropogenic activities in world, a source hazards relating to potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Traditional reclamation techniques, expensive, time-consuming and not well accepted by general public, cannot be used on large scale. However, plant-based techniques have gained acceptance as an environmentally friendly a...

Abstract. Recent experience suggests that native Appalachian hardwood trees can be successfully established on coal surface mining sites if appropriate reclamation techniques are used. The Forestry Reclamation Approach (FRA) is a set of mine reclamation techniques developed for that purpose. Questions remain regarding how soil surface grading and choice of herbaceous vegetation affect tree surv...

All steps of a mining project generally disturb the environment'soriginal condition during construction. Therefore, it is crucial toimplement an appropriate mine reclamation plan throughout all mineplanning stages from sustainable and environmental point of view.Planting the suitable plant species in each step of any reclamationplan and each area is one of the necessities in this respect.Select...