Microwave-assisted dilute acid/alkali pretreatment is an efficient and rapid method of removing lignin and hemicellulose, however, the optimized parameters for the maximum efficiency have to date not been presented in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine those conditions by examining the effects of three factors: microwave power, temperature, and time on delignification in...

2014 ESR experiments have been performed on phosphorus-doped silicon with concentrations ranging from 1.9 x 1017 cm-3 to 2.8 1018 cm-3 at 1.4-4.2 K and 100 GHz. The peak shift of the central ESR line with respect to the center of the two hyperfine lines has been investigated as a function of donor concentration, temperature, and microwave power. In general, it consists of a microwave power-depe...

We present the characterization of commercial tunnel diode low-level microwave power detectors at room and cryogenic temperatures. The sensitivity as well as the output voltage noise of the tunnel diodes is measured as functions of the applied microwave power. We highlight strong variations of the diode characteristics when the applied microwave power is higher than a few microwatts. For a diod...

Complex free radical system in thermally sterilized acidum boricum (AB) was studied. Acidum boricum was sterilized at temperatures and times given by pharmaceutical norms: 160 degrees C and 120 min, 170 degrees C and 60 min and 180 degrees C and 30 min. The advanced spectroscopic tests were performed. The EPR spectra of free radicals were measured as the first derivatives with microwaves of 9.3...

Future linear colliders will require a very high peak power per meter of accelerating structure at a relatively high frequency-greater than 10 GHz-but at a relatively short pulse length-less than 100 ns. One technique for generating the required peak power is to use a more or less conventional microwave power source, which produces power at a pulse length typically on the order of 1 ps, togethe...

Homogeneous laser radiation in the visible or infrared range can excite high-order subharmonics at the cyclotron frequency of free electrons in the millimeter or microwave range. This may provide coherent links between lasers and rf or microwave frequency standards. In order to divide the frequency of a CO(2) laser (lambda approximately 10 microm) by a factor of 100 down to lambda approximately...

The cost of drying carpet which is done toward the end of the manufacturing process, is quite high. The carpet industry has been using convection drying for many years. Little attention has been given to quantifying the effect of microwave power during the drying of carpet. An experimental system was developed whereby air was introduced into the cavity of a domestic microwave oven. The resu...

We report experimental results demonstrating 54% power conversion efficiency ~43% energy conversion efficiency!, from a two-stage X-band traveling wave tube amplifier designed for high-power operation. The first stage of the amplifier is a 12-cm-long Boron Nitride dielectric section used to modulate the electron beam. The second stage consists of a long high-phase-velocity bunching section foll...

We report measurements of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation over the multipole range l ∼ 200 → 3500 with the Cosmic Background Imager based on deep observations of three fields. These results confirm the drop in power with increasing l first reported in earlier measurements with this instrument, and extend the observations of this decline in power out to l ∼ 2000. The decl...