Metabolic engineering has developed microbial cell factories that can convert renewable carbon sources into biofuels. Current molecular biology tools can efficiently alter enzyme levels to redirect carbon fluxes toward biofuel production, but low product yield and titer in large bioreactors prevent the fulfillment of cheap biofuels. There are three major roadblocks preventing economical biofuel...

Microbial N produced in the rumen and flowing to the duodenum (Ni) is related to the total amount of OM fermented or apparently digested in the rumen (OMf). This relationship, best expressed as microbial N yield (gNi/kgOMf), is affected mainly by the physical and chemical properties of feed carbohydrates and the amounts ingested. These factors influence yields at three levels of increasing comp...

Mammalian herbivores can be divided into two groups on the basis of the principal site of microbial fermentation. Fore-gut fermenters have an expanded and differentiated fore-stomach. Eutherian fore-gut fermenters include sloths, colobid monkeys, hippos, peccaries, camelids and ruminants. Marsupial fore-gut fermenters include the kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos. Hind-gut fermenters have ...

A biosensor was developed for the determination of BOD value of fermentation industry effluent. The developed biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the microbial consortium on cellulose acetate (CA) membrane in close proximity to a DO probe electrode. The microbial consortium was harvested from the fermentation industry effluent. The BOD biosensor was calibrated by using a solution containin...

Electro-fermentation (EF) merges traditional industrial fermentation with electrochemistry. An imposed electrical field influences the fermentation environment and microbial metabolism in either a reductive or oxidative manner. The benefit of this approach is to produce target biochemicals with improved selectivity, increase carbon efficiency, limit the use of additives for redox balance or pH ...

Mammalian herbivores can be divided into two groups on the basis of the principal site of microbial fermentation. Fore-gut fermenters have an expanded and differentiated fore-stomach. Eutherian fore-gut fermenters include sloths, colobid monkeys, hippos, peccaries, camelids and ruminants. Marsupial fore-gut fermenters include the kangaroos, wallabies and rat-kangaroos. Hind-gut fermenters have ...

the effect of eucalyptus (eucalyptus globulus labill;egeo) and angelica (heracleum persicum desf. ex fischer; hpeo) essential oils was assessed at the levels of 0, 3, 30, 300 or 3000 (µl 30 ml-1) on in vitro fermentation of buffered rumen fluid from 3 castrated male sheep. the fermentation kinetics were estimated after 54 hours incubation. the fermentation kinetic values, in vitro gas productio...

background : microbial monitoring of aquatic sources is essential in the correct management of these vital sources. multiple tube fermentation (mtf) technique is currently used for assessment of the microbial quality of water sources. however, today enzymatic assay has been presented as an alternative approach for detecting indicator bacteria. the purpose of this study was to compare enzymatic ...