introduction: brachytherapy is the use of small encapsulated radioactive sources in close vicinity of tumors. various methods are used to obtain the dose distribution around brachytherapy sources. tg-43 is a dosimetry protocol proposed by the aapm for determining dose distributions around brachytherapy sources. the goal of this study is to update this protocol for presence of bone and air inhom...

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate whether implementation of a low-dose computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsy protocol, with the support of individual radiologists in the section, would lead to immediate and sustained decreases in radiation dose associated with CT-guided lung biopsies. MATERIALS AND METHODS A low-dose CT-guided lung biopsy protocol was developed with modifica...

Response of a micro volume (0.01 ml) ionization chamber has been studied with pulsed proton beams which are used for clinical purposes and has been compared with those of some JARP ionization chambers (0.6 ml). All chambers used had been calibrated by standard 60Co beams at the Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL) and exposure calibration factors, Nx, were obtained on advance. Two methods are used...

Before microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) can be exploited to its full potential for longitudinal monitoring of transgenic and experimental mouse models of lung diseases, radiotoxic side effects such as inflammation or fibrosis must be considered. We evaluated dose and potential radiotoxicity to the lungs for long-term respiratory-gated high-resolution micro-CT protocols. Free-breathing C57Bl/...

For children with ambulatory pneumonia, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends oral amoxicillin (15 mg/kg of body weight/dose) thrice daily (t.i.d.) or oral cotrimoxazole (4 mg of trimethoprim/kg/dose) twice daily (b.i.d.). The more frequent amoxicillin dosing may lead to compliance problems. To compare the pharmacokinetics and levels of amoxicillin in plasma in the current WHO acute re...

Introduction: This study introduces a novel polyvinyl chloride (PVC)/tungsten composites with characterization of their shielding properties by employing different techniques. Methods: The PVC/tungsten composites were produced by employing various weight fractions of tungsten micro-particles including 0, 20, and 40 % wt via melt blending method. In the next st...

BACKGROUND Interferon beta-1a (IFNbeta-1a; Avonex) is effective for the treatment of relapsing MS; however, the optimal dose of IFNbeta-1a is not known. OBJECTIVE To determine whether IFNbeta-1a 60 micro g IM once weekly is more effective than IFNbeta-1a 30 micro g IM once weekly in reducing disability progression in relapsing MS. METHODS In a double-blind, parallel-group, dose-comparison s...