To determine the extent and nature of individual variation in the development of specific antigen-binding cells, the numbers of cells specific for each of two antigens in the spleens of individual random-bred Swiss-L and inbred CBA/J and BALB/c fetal mice were measured as a function of spleen size. For Swiss-L fetuses, the ratio of antigen-binding cells to nucleateated cells varied more than wo...

Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug used clinically. Because of its known teratogenic properties VPA is not recommended for women of child bearing age. The present study was designed to assess the effects of VPA on both fetal and maternal organs. Randomized groups of pregnant mice were treated as follows: Group 1 (n = 10) 500 mg/kg VPA/day on gestation days 8-11; Group 2 (n = 10) 600 m...

Cholesterol is essential for antenatal development. However, the transport of maternal cholesterol to the embryo has not been sufficiently studied, and that to the fetus is still controversial. To this end, a 1 mg dose of [3,4-(13)C(2)]cholesterol was injected daily into pregnant mice and the labeled cholesterol was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. After venous injections from ...

INTRODUCTION Pregnancy poses a challenge to normal mechanisms of immune recognition and rejection: both the mother and her fetus are exposed to allogeneic cells from one to the other. In the case of the mother, these cells are fetal cells carrying paternal antigens; in the case of the fetus, they are maternal cells expressing non-inherited maternal alloantigens (1, 2). Since adaptive immune rec...

background: the aim of this study was to apply the nested-pcr and bioassay methods in detection and genotyping of toxoplasma gondii infection in provided sheep aborted fetus samples from qazvin province of iran. methods : eighteen sheep aborted fetal samples were studied by nested-pcr-rflp, histopathologi­cal observation and microbiological assay. bioassay in mice was carried out by inoculating...

Phenobarbital is a phenobarbiturate used as a sedative, anticonvulsant, or hypnotic with the doses prescribed and can cause teratogenic effects. The goal of this study was to examine an alternative method for the recognition of the mechanism or the bimolecular potential changes in mice fetus caused by Phenobarbital using FTIR micro spectroscopy. The mice were injected with Phenobarbital (120mg/...

perfluorooctanesulfonate (pfos) is a widely spread environmental contaminant. it accumulates in the brain and has potential neurotoxin effects. due to chemical properties, pfos shows persistency in the environment and therefore has potential hazardous effect. the risk of possible intra uterine exposure to pfos poses a health concern for developmental effects. the goal of this study was survey o...

maternal smoking has been recognized as a common cause of low birth weight, preterm birth and the decrease of gestational age period. unfortunately, there is an increasing interest within public especially woman in iran in the tobacco products consumption. on the other hand, the deleterious effect of maternal smoking on human fetus in pregnancy period especially in the first trimester encourage...