This paper develops and applies a method for producing constant quality rent indexes and inflation estimates for different segments of the rental housing stock. In each of the five contrasting metropolitan areas, rent inflation since the late 1980s is found to have varied by market segment. In some metro areas, rental prices have risen most rapidly in the bottom third of the rent distribution, ...

Modern society is increasingly dependent on the stability of a complex system of interdependent infrastructure sectors. It is imperative to build resilience of large-scale infrastructures like metro systems for addressing the threat of natural disasters and man-made attacks in urban areas. Analysis is needed to ensure that these systems are capable of withstanding and containing unexpected pert...

During Xenopus oogenesis, the message transport organizer (METRO) pathway delivers germinal granules and localized RNAs to the vegetal cortex of the oocyte via the mitochondrial cloud (Balbiani body). According to the traditional model, the mitochondrial cloud is thought to break up at the onset of vitellogenesis and the germinal granules and METRO-localized RNAs are transported within the mito...

This paper addresses the key assumption in behavioral and transportation planning literature that, when people use a transit system more frequently, they become less dependent on and less sensitive to transit maps in their decision-making. Therefore, according to this assumption, map changes are much less impactful to travel decisions of frequent riders than to that of first-time or new passeng...

Metropolitan area ring networks can be categorized into metro edge and metro core rings. The traffic characteristics of metro edge and metro core rings are quite different. While metro edge rings exhibit a strongly hubbed traffic pattern (hot spots), traffic demands in metro core rings are much more uniform. We examine the throughput-delay performance of a buffer insertion ring with destination...

This paper describes how colored Petri nets can be used for modeling the Paris underground Metro system. This is one of the most complex metro systems in the world. In this paper, the metro system is analyzed and described. The method of analysis is outlined. A working model for three of the major lines was constructed using CPNs. The results and other issues that have to be tackled are explain...

This study focused on the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in a metro system as an example of a public transportation system. The molecular characteristics of Staphylococcus were investigated to discern which strains were isolated from metro stations in Shanghai. These were compared with strains isolated from hospital treatment rooms and parks. Airborne Staphylococcus samples in the me...

neighborhoods within the hierarchy of urban structure are one of the smallest socio-physical building blocks of cities. traditional neighborhoods of iranian historic cities benefited from strong social relations which were flourished over the years and were manifested in the neighborhoods centers. in the modern era, the new master plans and the complementary local plans have disintegrated these...

|Diierentiated services for the Internet are undergoing intensive development. It is widely accepted that they will require usage sensitive pricing. The Paris Metro Pricing (PMP) proposal is to rely on pricing alone to provide diierentiated services. PMP is the simplest diierentiated services system in terms of complexity.