To evaluate the effect of French Maritime Pine Bark Extract (PBE; Pycnogenol®) on immune, oxidative stress and neurochemical biomarkers in paediatric Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as compared to methylphenidate (MPH) placebo. Paediatric ADHD patients (n = 88, 70 % male, mean age 10.1 years) were randomised (placebo 30), PBE 32) MPH 26)) receiving 20 mg/day if < 30 kg or 40 ≥ P...

o b j ective: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood and it continues to adulthood without proper treatment. stimulants have been used in treatment of adhd for many years and the efficacy of methylphenidate (mph) in the treatment of adults with adhd has been proven to be acceptable according to meta-analysis studies. however, ther...

We used a sequential approach to evaluate the relative and combined effects of different types of behavioral treatments, as well as dosage of methylphenidate (MPH), on the disruptive behavior of 3 students who had been diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Results showed that individualized behavioral treatments produced decreases in disruptive behavior equivalent to MPH for ...

BACKGROUND: Considering widely administration of methylphenidate and also its immunosuppressive effects on different organs, importance of related microscopic studies is obvious. OBJECTIVES: Determining histological effects of methylphenidate on adrenal glands and lymphatic organs in mice. METHODS: A total number of 30 adult male Balb/C mice were provided, weighed and divided into one control a...

Galactorrhea, as an adverse effect of psychotropic medications, usually develops due to high dose of antipsychotics. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have also been reported to be related to galactorrhea. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study reported galactorrhea with methylphenidate (MPH) use. Hereby, we report a case of an adolescent girl who developed galactorrhea a...

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of methylphenidate HCL OROS extended-release (OROS-MPH) among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who had been previously treated with methylphenidate HCL immediate-release (MPH-IR). METHODS The sample included 102 children aged 6-12 (9.4±2.6) years who had been diagnosed with ADHD accordin...

BACKGROUND Pharmacotherapy is an effective therapeutic option for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Understanding the patterns of medication treatment is crucial for clinical practice. This study employed nationwide population-based data to elucidate the initiation and persistence of pharmacotherapy (immediate-release methylphenidate [IR-MPH], osmotic controlled-release formulati...

Background: Methylphenidate commonly known as Ritalin is one of the most common medications. The administration of Ritalin leads to increase of the activity of central nervous system. Because of this property, Ritalin may be used for maintaining alertness and improving of attention which may lead to increase of the risk of substance abuse in some cases. There is a little data about the effects ...

Previous observations have indicated lamellated ultrastructural lesions in the myocardium of a patient treated with methylphenidate (Ritalin) hydrochloride (MPH). A causal relationship between MPH exposure and these membranous changes was tested in the myocardium of rats and mice. Following injection of varying doses of MPH for different periods, myocardial ultrastructure was examined and lesio...

BACKGROUND Although stimulant therapy is commonly discontinued early in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the factors that contribute to continuity of stimulant therapy remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To (1) compare the continuity of methylphenidate (MPH) therapy among adults who use immediate-release methylphenidate (IR-MPH) for ADHD with adults who use extended-...