We demonstrate the first implementation of polarization encoding measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), which is immune to all detector side-channel attacks. Active phase randomization of each individual pulse is implemented to protect against attacks on imperfect sources. By optimizing the parameters in the decoy state protocol, we show that it is feasible to implem...

In smart electricity grids, high time granularity (HTG) power consumption data can be decomposed into individual appliance load signatures via nonintrusive monitoring techniques to expose usage profiles. Various methods ranging from shaping noise addition and aggregation have been proposed mitigate this problem. However, with the growing scarcity of natural resources, utilities other than (e.g....

The inhalation route has many advantages in the treatment of diseases of the respiratory tract. Medication may be delivered directly to its site of action, giving a faster onset and allowing smaller doses of drug to be administered. Systemic absorption of the drug is diminished, reducing systemic side eVects. The drug treatment regimen for the vast majority of patients with asthma is straightfo...

BACKGROUND Inhaled medications are the cornerstone of asthma therapy. Metered dose inhaler technique is a widely used technique to administer medications like corticosteroids. Meanwhile, the health professionals and patients knowledge and practice towards this metered dose inhaler is quite deficient but arguably understood by policy makers or education expertise. OBJECTIVE This study tried to...

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), used in metered dose inhalers (MDIs), have been identified as being deleterious to the environment leading to a ban on their production. Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are a widely used alternative to MDIs. One disadvantage of DPIs is that in vivo lung deposition can be influenced by the patient's inspiratory flow rate. The ASTA Medica multi-dose dry powder inhaler (AM-M...

BACKGROUND beta Agonists have been shown to increase mucociliary clearance in some studies but not all. Whether the formulation of beta agonists affects mucociliary clearance is not known but may be important as the use of dry powder inhalers increases. METHODS The effect of different methods of administration of inhaled terbutaline on mucociliary clearance and forced expiratory volume in one...