Like many other disciplines, medicine often resorts to metaphor in order to explain complicated concepts that are imperfectly understood. But what happens when medicine's metaphors close off thinking, restricting interpretations and opinions to those of the negative kind? This paper considers the deleterious effects of destructive metaphors that cluster around pain. First, the metaphoric basis ...

We aim to address two complementary deficiencies in Natural Language Processing (NLP) research: (i) Despite the importance and prevalence of metaphor across many discourse genres, and metaphor’s many functions, applied NLP has mostly not addressed metaphor understanding. But, conversely, (ii) difficult issues in metaphor understanding have hindered large-scale application, extensive empirical e...

In the conceptual metaphor theory, it has been common to assume at least two metaphors where concepts of Time are structured through concepts of Space; Time-moving metaphor and Ego-moving metaphor. Several researchers carried out quantitative studies and revealed that languages have preferences on these Temporal metaphors: Ego-moving metaphor is more preferable in English and Chinese. This pape...

Automatic processing of metaphor can be clearly divided into two subtasks: metaphor recognition (distinguishing between literal and metaphorical language in a text) and metaphor interpretation (identifying the intended literal meaning of a metaphorical expression). Both of them have been repeatedly addressed in NLP. This paper is the first comprehensive and systematic review of the existing com...

Metaphor is viewed in a broad sense in this paper, which is no longer a mere rhetorical device but a mode of thinking. This violation against the traditional concept of metaphor will definitely result in great changes in both the cognition and translation of metaphor. Firstly, this paper aims at casting off the conventional idea of metaphor and widening the cognition scope of it. Secondly, this...

The paper is devoted to problems of computer metaphors,, such as Interface metaphor and Visualization metaphor. Interface metaphor is considered as the basic idea of likening between interactive objects and model objects of the application domain. A visualization metaphor is defined as a map establishing the correspondence between concepts and objects of the application domain under modeling an...

Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über zwei Metapherntheorien, die für linguistische Metaphernanalyse als wichtige Beschreibungsrahmen gelten. Zunächst wird der einflussreiche Ansatz von Lakoff und Johnson (1980), Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) mit ihren wichtigsten Grundannahmen dargestellt. Anschließend werden einige Kritikpunkte präsentiert, auf theoretischen methodischen Mäng...

Children encounter metaphor in all aspects of their daily lives, including the spoken and written discourse of school, and metaphor can be one of the routes through which socio-cultural norms are appropriated. The use of metaphor seems to be a basic human skill, which develops in interaction with developing world knowledge and linguistic skills. Both use of metaphor and the development of metap...