To save layout area for electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection design in the SOC era, test chip with large size NMOS devices placed under bond pads has been fabricated in 0.35-μm one-poly-four-metal (1P4M) 3.3V CMOS process for verification. The bond pads had been drawn with different layout patterns on the inter-layer metals to investigate the effect of bonding stress on the active devices u...

In order to extract copper metal from the waste dump of Dexing copper mine and resolve the environmental problems caused by acidic water and heavy metals, a dump bioleaching plant was designed based on a series of experimental investigations. The investigation shown that the low-grade of the dump, refractoriness of chalcopyrite, leakage of pad, small Acidithiobacillus population and low dump pe...

the design and application of a fuzzy logic based controller to a leakage current relay waspresented in this paper. a novel approach based on fuzzy logic to form the tripping action of leakagecurrent relay was investigated. in addition to the theoretical aspect of fuzzy logic, detection of a leakagecurrent, measurement of the leakage current, determination of its duration, trip opening of fault...

Ohmic heating (OH) encompasses interesting benefits towards thermal processing. Envisaging an increasing relevance of soybean protein as alternative non-animal protein, it is important to understand how OH can contribute the quality and immunoreactivity soybean-derived products. This study describes, for first time, impact when applied at different electrical frequencies (50 Hz–20 kHz) moderate...

We describe the design of a soldered sapphire optical viewport, which is useful for spectroscopic applications samples at high temperatures and pressures. The window bonded via active soldering to metal flange with structure two c-shaped rings made different metallic materials in between, so as mitigate thermally induced stress. A cell equipped viewports has been successfully operated alkali me...

The economic and environmental losses due to serious leakage in the urban water supply network have increased the effort to control the water leakage. However, current methods for leakage estimation are inaccurate leading to the development of ineffective leakage controls. Therefore, this study proposes a method based on the blind source separation theory (BSS) to calculate the leakage of water...

one of the important factors influencing outdoor insulators performance is pollution phenomenon. the pollution, especially during humidity condition, reduces superficial resistance of insulator and lead to a flow of leakage currents (lc) on the insulator surface, which may result in total flashover. the lc characteristics are affected by parameters such as nature and severity of pollution. loca...

Ductile: Substances that can be drawn into thin wires are called ductile. For example, most of the metals are ductile. Question 2: Why is sodium kept immersed in kerosene oil? Answer: Sodium and potassium are very reactive metals and and combine explosively with air as well as water. Hence, they catch fire if kept in open. Therefore, to prevent accidental fires and accidents, sodium is stored i...