The paper analyzes the problem of interpretations Gettier problem. author draws a distinction between counterexamples presented in Edmund Gettier’s article and Gettier-style cases, general epistemological supposedly occurring all or many cases. It is argued that there gap associated with an insufficiently defined concept justification, which does not allow talking about without any explicit imp...

The ancient Vedic texts Provides us with valuable information and guide lines on various multi-faced aspects of human life. The present discussion is limited to the medical treatment and medicinal charms mentioned in the Atharvanic literature with specific consideration to Kausikasutra for better understanding of the rites and actions mentioned in Atharvanaveda.

Objectives The aim was to identify theoretically expected as well as actually reported benefits from drug development and the importance of individual patient benefits compared to the collective benefits to society in general. Background Ethical guidelines require that clinical research involving humans offer the potential for benefit. A number of characteristics can be applied to define rese...