According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), a relatively significant number of radiological accidents have occurred in recent years mainly because of the practices referred to as potentially high-risk activities, such as radiotherapy, large irradiators and industrial radiography, especially in gammagraphy assays. In some instances, severe injuries have occurred in exposed person...

'QUADOS', a Concerted Action of the European Commission, has run an intercomparison aimed at evaluating the use of computational codes for dosimetry in radiation protection and medical physics. This intercomparison was open to all users of Monte Carlo, analytic and semi-analytic codes or deterministic methods. Its main aim was to provide a snapshot of the methods and codes currently in use. It ...

Radiation exposure to the surgeon and patient was measured in 14 patients during internal fixation of trochanteric fractures of the femur. Dosimetry studies were also done to determine the directions of maximum scatter production. The results indicated that the standard lead apron suffices for adequate gonadal and bone marrow shielding but the surgeon is still exposed to significant radiation l...

The radiation doses received by individuals from radionuclides which enter the human body cannot be measured directly but must be inferred. In these calculations several measurable quantities (as the internal whole body burden or urine daily excretion) and quantities derived from models are employed. The Radiation Protection Quantities for internal dosimetry are in principle the same as for ext...

This article summarizes the basic facts about the measurement of ionizing radiation, usually referred to as radiation dosimetry. The article defines the common radiation quantities and units; gives typical levels of natural radiation and medical exposures; and describes the most important biological effects of radiation and the methods used to measure radiation. Finally, a proposal is made for ...

BACKGROUND Quantitative biodistribution, venous blood and excretion data have been obtained following the intravenous bolus injection of AH113804 (18F) Injection in six healthy volunteers (HVs), four males and two females, up to approximately 5 h post-injection. For each subject, key organs and tissues were delineated and analytical fits were made to the image data as functions of time to yield...

Background and Objective: Professional radiation workers are occupationally exposed to long-term low levels of ionizing radiation. Occupational health hazards from radiation exposure, in a large occupational segment of the population, are of special concern. Biological dosimetry can be performed in addition to physical dosimetry with the aim of individual dose assessment and biological effects....

Radiation-induced cancer of bone, liver, and lung has been a prominent harmful side-effect of medical applications of alpha emitters. In recent years, however, the potential use of antibodies labeled with alpha emitting radionuclides against cancer has seemed promising because alpha particles are highly effective in cell killing. High close rates at high LET, effectiveness under hypoxic conditi...

A t the SNMMI Annual Meeting on June 14th in San Diego, CA, Joseph A. O’Donoghue, PhD, of Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY), received the 2016 Loevinger–Berman Award for his contributions to understanding of the radiobiology of targeted radionuclide therapy. The Loevinger–Berman Award is given annually by the SNMMI Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) Committee in honor of...

The value of pediatric nuclear medicine is well established. Pediatric patients are referred to nuclear medicine from nearly all pediatric specialties including urology, oncology, cardiology, gastroenterology, and orthopedics. Radiation exposure is associated with a potential, small, risk of inducing cancer in the patient later in life and is higher in younger patients. Recently, there has been...