This study examined the mediating role of ego defense mechanisms on the relationship between attachment styles and alexithymia. Four hundred and forty-three Iranian high school students (213 boys, 230 girls) participated in this study. Participants completed Defense Styles Questionnaire (DSQ-40), Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), and Farsi version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (FTAS-20). Res...

The species richness of fungi associated with British trees is described by a significant species/area curve (r = 0.53, 0.01 > P > 0.001). Introduced tree species cannot be shown to have fewer fungal species than natives, per unit distributional range about Britain. Also, among natives and among introductions, older host taxa do not have more fungal species than do younger ones. This indicates ...

Categorical disease models of personality disorder currently dominate in the DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 diagnostic systems. In preparation for DSM-V, these models have been questioned in light of evidence and widely held beliefs that disorders of personality are extreme variants of normal personality. Unfortunately, problems arise in trying to produce a dimensional model of abnormal and normal person...

This mini-review summarizes our experimental data devoted to constitutive and inducible mechanisms of defense in biosystems of various levels of organization. Autoand heterotrophic components of the transformed hydroecosystems are taken into consideration. The role of higher aquatic plants in the defense mechanisms is considered.

From the development of the psychiatric concept of psychopathy, we can at this juncture only state that it no longer coincides at all with that of the delinquent and that we nevertheless find psychopaths among all kinds of criminals. Latent criminals, analogous to the latent misfits of Aichhorn, are frequently psychopaths. Social maladjustment may be however, far from being psychopathic, even i...

In this paper, we are concerned with the role of the age structure of a prey in the dynamic of a predator prey model. Specifically, we study the effect of predation on a non-reproductive class of the prey, when the reproductive class of the prey presents a group defense mechanism. Three different scenarios are analyzed: (1) Constant predation rate on the nonreproductive class, no defense mechan...

A biopsychosocial role theory has been developed to integrate the mam findings of psychodynamic, cognitive, and interpersonal therapies. To function in a society, you must achieve a balance between your self-expectations and your performances, and your expectations of others and their performances. These expectations of self and others fall roughly into 16 biopsychosocial areas, or life vectors...

There are an increasing number of outbreaks of human pathogens related to fresh produce. Thus, the growth of human pathogens on plants should be explored. Human pathogens can survive under the harsh environments in plants, and can adhere and actively invade plants. Plant-associated microbiota or insects contribute to the survival and transmission of enteric pathogens in plants. Human enteric pa...

Introduction Fungi are eukaroytic, carbon-heterotrophic microorganisms. To satisfy their need for organic nutrients, most fungal species live a saprophytic lifestyle. A small minority, however, has acquired the capability to develop on living plants, often causing disease in the host. These specialists have found a way to negate the plant defense machinery which consists of a multitude of defen...

Web users are increasingly victims of phishing, spoofing and malware attacks. In this article, we discuss existing and proposed defense mechanisms. We highlight the vulnerabilities of current defenses, and the challenges of validating and adopting new defenses.