BACKGROUND ONO-5334 is a cathepsin K inhibitor that induced bone mineral density (BMD) gain in a phase II study in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. Even though the antiresorptive effect could only be monitored in the morning during the study, simulation can allow the antiresorptive effect to be assessed over 24 h, with assessment of the relationship to BMD gain. METHODS Inhibition of the...

To characterize the in vitro effectiveness of once-daily dosing with cefpodoxime against Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, an in vitro pharmacodynamic chamber model was used to compare the bacterial killing activities of three cefpodoxime regimens: 100 mg twice daily (BID), 200 mg once daily (QD), and 400 mg QD. At the end of 24 h, the regrowth of H. influenzae iso...

The modulation response, relative intensity noise (RIN) and frequency noise (FN) characteristics of quantum dot (QD) lasers are investigated theoretically in the presence of an external optical beam. Using small signal analysis of the rate equations for carriers and photons, it is demonstrated that by injecting excess carriers into the QDs excited state through optical pumping, the modulation r...

OBJECTIVES To assess the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of fesoterodine 4 and 8 mg once daily (QD) compared with placebo in Asian subjects with overactive bladder (OAB) after 12 weeks of treatment. METHODS This phase II, dose-finding study consisted of a 2-week placebo run-in period followed by a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, treatment period. Eligible subjects we...

A quantum master equation model for the interaction between a two-level system and whispering-gallery modes WGMs of a microdisk cavity is presented, with specific attention paid to current experiments involving a semiconductor quantum dot QD embedded in a fiber-coupled AlxGa1−xAs microdisk cavity. In standard single mode cavity QED, three important rates characterize the system: the QD-cavity c...

BACKGROUND A Phase II, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial comparing the 24-h forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) time profile after 3 weeks' treatment with once-daily (QD) or twice-daily (BID) olodaterol (at the same total daily dose) versus placebo delivered via Respimat® in patients with moderate to severe asthma. METHODS Patients were randomised t...

1. When pDj < pDi, the demand allocation is xDj = min{max{QD(pDj )− θj , QD(pDj )− yS , 0}, yDj}, (A1a) xDi = min{max{QD(pDi)− yDj − θi, QD(pDi)− yDj − yS , 0}, yDi}, (A1b) xS = min{max{QD(pDi)− yDi − yDj , θi},max{QD(pDj )− yDj , θj}, yS}. (A1c) 2. When pD2 = pD1, the demand allocation is xDi = min { max { QD(pDi)− θi 2 , QD(pDi)− yS 2 , QD(pDi)− θi − yDj , QD(pDi)− yS − yDj , 0 } , yDi} , (A2...

A dam spillway is a hydraulic structure that appropriately and safely diverts the outflow to downstream, so that the dam stability and passing of flood flows can be guaranteed. Compared to straight crest spillway, an Ogee spillway with curvature in plan in a fixed-width can pass more flow. Therefore under the low hydraulic heads and the need for a smaller place in plane, they are considered as ...

It is generally assumed that hemodialysis adequacy is only minimally affected by increasing the dialysate flow rate (Qd). Recent in vitro studies showed that dialyzer urea clearance (Kd(urea)) may increase substantially more than expected in response to an increase in Qd. Because these studies implied that dialysis efficacy may benefit from greater Qds, we studied in vivo the effects of various...

Nanoparticles have been demonstrated as a promising new generation of specific imaging agents and targeted delivery vehicles for the diagnosis and treatment of solid tumors. Nonetheless, for optimal therapy of tumors, the nanoparticles must penetrate the tumor interstitial matrix to reach the cancer cells. This thesis describes the development of a multiphoton fluorescence correlation spectrosc...