The microcystin (MC) producing P. rubescens occurs in pre-alpine lakes and may impact fishery success, bathing, and raw water quality. P. rubescens extracts, characterized via LC-MS, contained the two MC-RR variants [Asp3]MC-RR and [Asp3,Dhb7]MC-RR. The protein-phosphatase-inhibition assay (cPPIA with phosphatases 1 and 2A) in its capability to quantify [Asp3]MC-RR, [Asp3,Dhb7]MC-RR, and MC-RR ...

This paper describes seasonal changes of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and its glutathione (MC-LR-GSH) and cysteine conjugates (MC-LR-Cys) in three aquatic animals--snail (Bellamya aeruginosa), shrimp (Macrobrachium nipponensis) and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) collected from Lake Taihu, China. MC-LR, MC-LR-GSH, and MC-LR-Cys were determined by liquid chromatography electrospray ionizatio...

BACKGROUND Lung mast cells are stereotypically divided into connective tissue (MC(TC)) and mucosal (MC(T)) mast cells. This study tests the hypothesis that each of these subtypes can be divided further into site-specific populations created by the microenvironment within each anatomical lung compartment. METHODS Surgical resections and bronchial and transbronchial biopsies from non-smoking in...

Background: Monte Carlo (MC) modeling of a linear accelerator is a prerequisite for Monte Carlo dose calculations in external beam radiotherapy. In this study, a simple and efficient model was developed for Elekta SL-25 linear accelerator using MCNP4C Monte Carlo code Materials and methods: The head of Elekta SL-25 linac was simulated for 6 and 18 MV photon beams using MCNP4C MC code. Energ...

This paper introduces the principles of interferometry to multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA). Specifically, we propose the use of MC-CDMA with novel carrier interferometry (CI) complex spreading codes. The CI/MC-CDMA method, applied to mobile wireless communication systems, offers enhanced performance and flexibility relative to MC-CDMA with conventional spreading codes. Speci...

background: making use of the orthovoltage machines in radiotherapy, is one of the routine methods for the treatment of the superficial lesions. in this study, an important determinant of x-ray quality, the hvl (half value layer), has been evaluated. materials and methods: the hvls of a orthovoltage x-ray machine in 120 and 180 kvp are measured, using an empirical method, in which the hvls are ...

This note contains a proof of the exponential separation of depth-d circuits from depth(d + 1) circuits due to Håstad [Has89]. The separating functions are the Sipser functions, denoted fd+1,n. We use a simplified proof of Håstad’s second switching lemma due to Neil Thapen [Tha09].

ERICA FLEISHMAN*, NEIL MCDONAL†, RALPH MAC NALLY‡, DENNIS D. MURPHY§, JACK WALTERS¶ and TED FLOYD**†† * Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305– 5020, USA; † 1900 Klamath Falls Way, Las Vegas, NV 89128, USA; ‡ Australian Centre for Biodiversity: Analysis, Policy and Management, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University 3...