Eq. 1 in this Letter (and also, Eq. 1.133 in ref 2) represents the temperature required for the maximum of Planck’s distribution expressed in units of wavelength to match the bandgap energy. However, the energy at which the maximum occurs depends on whether we consider energy flux per unit frequency range or per unit wavelength range3,4. A more appropriate approximation matches the maximum of P...

In this study, the effect of light wavelength on growth rate and lipid production of Synechocystis was investigated. Continuous cultivation system was used to have uniform cell density and avoid self-shading in order to obtain more precise results. Based on previous studies, red light is more efficient than other colors in the visible spectrum for cultivation of Synechocystis; however, the opti...

December 28, 1987: Shuichi Kawasaki, one of my graduate students, shouted for me to: “Come to the laboratory, immediately!” When I arrived, to my great surprise, I saw numerous laser spots twinkling very strongly on the screen. “How fantastic! How could you generate such a colorful beam, today?” I asked him. “I really don’t know. I was trying to get better data for my thesis, and I maximized th...

The seismic reflection characterizations of a thin layer are important for reservoir geophysics. However, discussions on the reflection for a thin layer are usually restricted to precritical angle incidence. In this work, an exact analytical solution is derived to model the reflection amplitude and amplitude variation with offset (AVO) responses of a single thin bed for arbitrary incident angle...

Intrinsic photogeneration of charge carriers in anthracene .1-4 single crystals occurs with photon energies in excess of 4 eV The mechanism of this process, however, is not well understood. The interpretation of the wavelength dependence of this current in 2 £\ particular is difficult. Two maxima in the photocurrent appear, <sJLJ one at 4.4 eV ' ' and the other at 5.4 eV. The 4.4 eV maximum app...

This report summarizes the results of a series of infrared (IR) laser-induced ocular damage studies conducted over the past decade. The studies examined retinal, lens, and corneal effects of laser exposures in the near-IR to far-IR transition region (wavelengths from 1.3-1.4 mum with exposure durations ranging from Q-switched to continuous wave). The corneal and retinal damage thresholds are ta...

We have developed a charge-coupled-device (CCD)-based microspectrophotometer (MSP) system and provide the first report on the successful employment of this technology to measure the spectral absorbance properties of vertebrate photoreceptors. The principal difference between the CCD-based MSP system and wavelength-scanning MSP systems, commonly used in vision biology, is that a short duration (...

The growing interest in performing high-resolution, deep-tissue imaging has galvanized the use of longer excitation wavelengths and three-photon-based techniques in nonlinear imaging modalities. This study presents a threefold improvement in maximum imaging depth of ex vivo porcine vocal folds using third-harmonic generation (THG) microscopy at 1552-nm excitation wavelength compared to two-phot...

We report a near-visible parametric wavelength converter comprising a polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber (PM-PCF) pumped by a highly versatile diode-seeded master-oscillator power amplifier system based around 1.06 μm. The device is broadly tunable in wavelength (0.74-0.81 μm), pulse duration (0.2-1.5 ns) and repetition rate (1-30 MHz). A maximum anti-Stokes slope conversion effici...