BACKGROUND Dedifferentiation of chondrocytes remains a major problem for cartilage tissue engineering. Chondrocytes loss differentiated phenotype in in vitro culture that is undesired for repair strategies. The chondrocyte is surrounded by a pericellular matrix (PCM), together forming the chondron. PCM has a positive effect on the maintenance of chondrocyte phenotype during culture in compar...

Vaccination is one of the most powerful ways to prevent infectious diseases. Successful vaccines produce a long-term immunity including effector T and B lymphocytes. In this context, adjuvants have a key role in vaccines by stimulating the innate immunity and thereby enhancing and shaping the subsequent adaptive immune response. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the early innate immune re...

Consider the linear system Ax=b where the coefficient matrix A is an M-matrix. In the present work, it is proved that the rate of convergence of the Gauss-Seidel method is faster than the mixed-type splitting and AOR (SOR) iterative methods for solving M-matrix linear systems. Furthermore, we improve the rate of convergence of the mixed-type splitting iterative method by applying a preconditio...

consider the linear system ax=b where the coefficient matrix a is an m-matrix. in the present work, it is proved that the rate of convergence of the gauss-seidel method is faster than the mixed-type splitting and aor (sor) iterative methods for solving m-matrix linear systems. furthermore, we improve the rate of convergence of the mixed-type splitting iterative method by applying a precondition...

consider the linear system ax=b where the coefficient matrix a is an m-matrix. in the present work, it is proved that the rate of convergence of the gauss-seidel method is faster than the mixed-type splitting and aor (sor) iterative methods for solving m-matrix linear systems. furthermore, we improve the rate of convergence of the mixed-type splitting iterative method by applying a precondition...

Anti-adhesion therapy represents a potentially promising avenue for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis in a post-antibiotic era. Adhesins are surface-exposed microbial structures or molecules that enable pathogenic organisms to adhere to host surfaces, a fundamental step towards host infection. Although several Mycobacterium tuberculosis adhesins have been identified, it is predicted ...

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which despite the unknown details is generally related to genetic, immune system, and environmental factors. In this study, we identify transcriptional signatures in patients with CD and then explain the potential molecular mechanisms in inflamed and non-inflamed intestinal mucosa in these patients. Materials and Me...

barley (hordeum vulgare l.) is a model plant, as genetic and physiological studies are concerned. abiotic stresses such as drought adversely affect the growth of plants. the objective of this experiment was to identify the responsive genes to osmotic stress, using macroarray (covering 13050 genes). rna was extracted from 5 barley genotypes in stress as well as in normal conditions at 3 times of...