This chapter proposes that search engines apply a verticalizing pressure on the WWW many-to-many information distribution model, forcing this to revert to a distributive model similar to that of the mass media. The argument for this starts with a critical descriptive examination of the history of search mechanisms for the Internet. Parallel to this there is a discussion of the increasing ties b...

yielding elements (ye) are among those devices that not only help control structural damages, but make better seismic behavior by concentrating the frames in some removable part of the structures. ye are located at the intersection of concentric braced frame (cbf) in a rectangular shape. in this paper, seismic behavior of the frames with ye will be investigated. for this reason, 5 braced steel ...

The effect of different sources of nitrogen as well as their concentrations on the bioconversion of carbon monoxide to metabolic products such as acetic acid and ethanol by Clostridium autoethanogenum was studied. In a first set of assays, under batch conditions, either NH4Cl, trypticase soy broth or yeast extract (YE) were used as sources of nitrogen. The use of YE was found statistically sign...

Tanshinones are abietane-type norditerpenoid quinone natural products found in a well-known traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. The copalyl diphosphate synthase of S. miltiorrhiza (SmCPS) is the key enzyme in the first step for transformation of geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) into miltiradiene, which has recently been identified as the precursor of tanshinones. Bas...

The effect of the concentration of a mixture (1/1 [wt/wt]) of yeast extract and bioTrypcase (YE+bT) on the growth and physiology of a new species, Bacillus thermoamylovorans, a moderately thermophilic, non-spore-forming, lactic acid-producing bacterium isolated from palm wine, was studied. At an initial glucose concentration of 100 mM, B. thermoamylovorans growth was limited when the concentrat...

Bakers' yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell suspensions were submitted to autolysis at various pH values (4.0, 5.5, 7.0 and 8.5) and with chemical autolysis promoters (ethyl acetate, chitosan). In one series of assays, bacterial contaminants were added at 10 CFU/ml. Autolysis yields, total nitrogen (total N) and a-amino nitrogen (a-amino N) composition as well as turbidity of the yeast extrac...

BACKGROUND/OBSECTIVE Airway inflammation by eosinophils, neutrophils and alveolar macrophages is a characteristic feature of asthma that leads to pathological subepithelial thickening and remodeling. Our previous study showed that oxidative stress in airways resulted in eosinophilia and epithelial apoptosis. The current study investigated whether glutathione-containing dry yeast extract (dry-YE...