Productive struggle is an enigmatic concept in mathematics education. At first glance, the idea may be oxymoronic since word not often associated with being productive. The two words even seem counter-intuitive. purpose of this article to analyze productive literature order better understand some if its essential features. research method study theoretical and includes a survey relevant modelli...

This paper surveys certain developments in the use of probabilistic techniques for the modelling of generalization. Some of the main methods and key results are discussed. Many details are omitted, the aim being to give a high-level overview of the types of approaches taken and methods used. 1 Probabilistic Modelling of Learning Suppose that X is a set of examples and that Y ⊆ [0, 1] is a set o...