investors use different approaches to select optimal portfolio. so, optimal investment choices according to return can be interpreted in different models. the traditional approach to allocate portfolio selection called a mean - variance explains. another approach is markov chain. markov chain is a random process without memory. this means that the conditional probability distribution of the nex...

In this study we model the daily rainfall occurrence using Markov Chain Analogue Yearmodel (MCAYM) and the intensity or amount of daily rainfall using three different probability distributions; gamma, exponential and mixed exponential distributions. Combining the occurrence and intensity model we obtain Markov Chain Analogue Year gamma model (MCAYGM), Markov Chain Analogue Year exponentia...

The aim is to model the spatial distribution of the population dynamics in Southern France. First the philosophical differences between a micro-level approach and a meso-level approach are presented and their respective advantages are briefly compared from a general point of view. Then the model is presented. It is a microsimulation model but it has some rules defined at the aggregate level of ...

This paper overviews recent work that has attempted to bring together microsimulation, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) and macro models to perform distributional analysis in developing and transition countries. Particular attention is paid to applications relating to aspects of economic growth and political economy. Applications in which macro, CGE and microsimulation models are either lay...

BACKGROUND Critiques of cost-effectiveness modelling in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are scarce and are often undertaken in combination with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) models. However, T1DM is a separate disease, and it is therefore important to appraise modelling methods in T1DM. OBJECTIVES This review identified published economic models in T1DM and provided an overview of the chara...

For shortto medium-length bridges, the governing traffic loading scenario may be congested traffic. This paper presents the calibration of a congested traffic load model using traffic microsimulation. A range of bridge lengths, forms of construction, and load effects is considered. Different driving parameters and traffic composition are also considered. The influence of these parameters on the...

The paper presents a spatial microsimulation approach to the analysis of health inequalities. A dynamic spatial microsimulation model of Britain, under development at the Universities of Leeds and Sheffield, uses data from the censuses of 1971, 1981 and 1991 and the British Household Panel Survey to simulate urban and regional populations in Britain. Geographical information systems and spatial...

  In this paper Semi-Markov models are used to forecast the triple dimensions of next earthquake occurrences. Each earthquake can be investigated in three dimensions including temporal, spatial and magnitude. Semi-Markov models can be used for earthquake forecasting in each arbitrary area and each area can be divided into several zones. In Semi-Markov models each zone can be considered as a sta...

in this paper at rst, a history of mathematical models is given.next, some basic information about random variables, stochastic processesand markov chains is introduced. as follows, the entropy for a discrete timemarkov process is mentioned. after that, the entropy for sis stochastic modelsis computed, and it is proved that an epidemic will be disappeared after a longtime.

this paper represents a new region-based active contour model that can be used to segment images with intensity non-uniformity and high level noise. the main idea of our proposed method is to use gaussian distributions with different means and variances with incorporation of intensity non-uniformity model for image segmentation. in order to integrate the spatial information between neighboring ...