This paper investigates the marginalization of certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) in the US. This marginalization occurs despite ample evidence demonstrating that a midwifery model delivers highquality cost-effective care. Currently midwives attend only 7% of births, compared to 50–75% of births in other developed countries. Given the escalating costs of health care and relatively poor maternal an...

It is shown that for every undirected graph G over a nite set N and for every nonempty T N there exists an undirected graph G T over T, called the marginal graph of G for T, such that the class of marginal distributions for T of (discrete) G-Markovian distributions coincides with the class of G T-Markovian distributions. An example shows that this is not true within the framework of strictly po...

This paper concerns the potential of GIS in the field of disability policy. It suggests there are two distinct domains where GIS may empower disability groups. First, GIS is a method that may be used by policy analysts and researchers, to map whether public resources are accessible and appropriate given the size of catchment areas for populations and given the policy and program environment. Se...

Composition of low-dimensional distribu­ tions, whose foundations were laid in the pa­ per published in the Proceedings of UAI'97 (Jirousek 1997), appeared to be an alterna­ tive apparatus to describe multidimensional probabilistic models. In contrast to Graphi­ cal Markov Models, which define multidimen­ sional distributions in a declarative way, this approach is rather procedural. Ordering of...

abstractthe present paper seeks to investigate how power relations work in saedi’s an eye for an eye and how discursive formation of justice brings the conflicts of the play to resolution. foucault believes that power and knowledge create each other reciprocally. this creation happens within a domain of relationships in which discursive statements are voiced alongside and against each other. tr...

With inverse problems there are often several unknown distributed parameters of which only one may be of interest. Since assigning incorrect fixed values to the uninteresting parameters usually leads to a severely erroneous model, one is forced to estimate all distributed parameters simultaneously. This may increase the computational complexity of the problem significantly. In the Bayesian fram...

This paper describes valuation-based systems for representing and solving discrete optimization problems. The information in an optimization problem is represented using variables, sample spaces of variables, a set of values, and func­ tions that map sample spaces of sets of variables to the set of values. The func­ tions, called valuations, represent the factors of an objective function. Solvi...

This paper investigates the marginalization of certified nurse-midwives (CNMs) in the US. This marginalization occurs despite ample evidence demonstrating that a midwifery model delivers high-quality cost-effective care. Currently midwives attend only 7% of births, compared to 50-75% of births in other developed countries. Given the escalating costs of health care and relatively poor maternal a...