conclusions a few eligible articles on seismo-nephrology were found in iran, and a limited number of current articles had poor or fair quality. as expected, the chaotic situation after mass disasters and the lack of documentation led to the loss of much important data on the diagnosis and management of victims. lessons learned from the current researches can be used as a valuable guide for futu...

This article deals with the case histories of two Kala-azar patients treated in ward 3 of the No. 4 Social Insurance children's Hospital in Tehran.  Full details of the disease and treatment have been reported : The First Case was a 4 years old female frcm Abadan. Symptoms preeent on admission were: paleness, fever, weight-loss, shivering, hepatosplenomegaly, oedema and tachycardia. Initial ex...

introductionthe use of climatic and natural variables in the regulation of agricultural activities has a particular importance. of the important characteristics of climate are the onset and retreat dates of main rainy season which have a determining role in the agricultural activities such as seeding time, cultivation period and other agricultural programs and strategies like irrigation. iran r...

introduction drought is a climatic hazard that occurs in the vast areas throughout the world. it causes physical suffering, economic losses, and environmental instability. drought is a slowly developing very which is phenomenon, and it is very difficult to determine when a dry spell becomes a drought or when a severe drought becomes an exceptional drought. it is usually starting with less drama...

1. introduction heavy snow hazards, although have less frequency in comparison with extreme weather events such as freezing, but are major hazards in midlatitudes (smith, 2009, 196). heavy snow damages manmade structures, crops, casualties, even between urban and rural ways of blocking.(briant. 69, 2005. ohara et al, 2009, 1611). various definitions have been offered for heavy snow, those are c...

1. introduction as the pressure of porous water increases in sand soils and saturated loose layers during an earthquake, the soil tendency to reduce its own volume leads to a decrease in the soil’s multifaceted tension. this way, the shear strength of the soil strongly decreases and comes close to zero. this phenomenon is called liquefaction. soil liquefaction is the cause of much destruction o...