INTRODUCTION Different types of titanium prostheses are used for different types of ossicular chain reconstruction (OCR). However, various ossicular chain problems require different types of reconstruction (incus or prosthesis). Recently, Vincent et al. published a new type of ossiculoplasty with a malleus replacement prosthesis (MRP). The details of this new prosthesis are described in their a...

Endochondral ossification is a developmental process by which cartilage is replaced by bone. Terminally differentiated hypertrophic chondrocytes are calcified, vascularized, and removed by chondroclasts before bone matrix is laid down by osteoblasts. In mammals, the malleus is one of three auditory ossicles that transmit vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the inner ear. The malleus is forme...

INTRODUCTION In order to achieve a higher success rate for tympanoplasty, different techniques have been developed, and a wide variety of grafting materials have been developed. One of the techniques currently receiving considerable attention involves not lifting the remaining of eardrum from the malleus and embedding the graft underneath in order to repair the eardrum correctly in its original...