The genetic algorithm (GA) is an evolutionary optimization algorithm operating based upon reproduction, crossover and mutation. On the other hand, particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a swarm intelligence algorithm functioning by means of inertia weight, learning factors and the mutation probability based upon fuzzy rules. In this paper, particle swarm optimization in association with genetic a...

to investigate the effect of different concentrations (0, 0.01% and 0.02%) of salicylic acid (sa) on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruit cultivar ‘malase yazdi’ at ripening,2 and 4month ofstorageat5°c, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block with three replications was conducted. quantitative characteristics including percentage of fruit weig...

to assessment alfalfa cultivars research project this research has been fulfilled in 2011 at khouzestan agricultural and natural resource research center in southwest of ahwaz in khouzestan province (iran) by position 31º20′ n, 48º40′ e. at first section for evaluation wet forage yield cultivars such as “baghdadi”, “mesasersa”, “yazdi”, “bami”, “nikshahri”, “synthetic” (main factor) and two cut...

1. The fungus-gardening ants and their fungi represent a highly co-evolved, vertically transmitted mutualism. Mutualisms such as these are thought to be reciprocal antagonisms, so that the ants and the fungus can be expected to have some conflicting interests. 2. This paper reports the results from a cultivar switch experiment that documented the effects of switching the native cultivar from th...

The effect of water deficit on stem reserve mobilization and sink activity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, viz., C306 (drought tolerant) and PBW343 (drought sensitive) was studied. Drought was maintained in pot raised plants by withholding irrigation at 95 days after sowing (DAS), i.e. just five days before the initiation of anthesis. Drought induced a significant reduction in mean b...

Here, we present the chloroplast genome sequence of the Saccharum hybrid cultivar RB867515, the most planted sugarcane cultivar in Brazil.

An investigation was carried out with nine green leafy vegetables (GLV’s) with their popular varieties most commonly grown in India to determine their biochemical composition. Among leafy vegetables ascorbic acid was found maximum in Chenopod cultivar Bathua Local (60.6 mg/100 g fw.) followed by Pusa Bathua -1 (23.0 mg/100g fw.) and spinach cultivar PS-1 (51 mg/100 g fw.). Significantly high le...

Heterodera glycines is a cyst nematode that causes significant lost soybean yield in the U.S. Recent studies observed the aphid Aphis glycines and H. glycines interacting via their shared host, soybean, Glycine max. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to discern the effect of A. glycines feeding on H. glycines reproduction. An H. glycines-susceptible cultivar, Kenwood 94, and a resistant cult...

Recent studies suggest that plant pectin methylesterases (PMEs) are directly involved in plant defence besides their roles in plant development. However, the molecular mechanisms of PME action on pectins are not well understood. In order to understand how PMEs modify pectins during banana (Musa spp.)-Fusarium interaction, the expression and enzyme activities of PMEs in two banana cultivars, hig...

The effects of cultivar mixture cropping on yield, biomass, and water use efficiency (WUE) in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were investigated under non-irrigation (W0, no irrigation during growth stage), one time irrigation (W1, irrigation applied at stem elongation) and two times irrigation (W2, irrigation applied at stem elongation and anthesis) conditions. Nearly 90% of cultivar mixtur...