the genome of hb v virus of serotype ayw cloned in pbr322 and expression shuttle vector p yes2 were used for construction of the hbsag chimeric genes and their expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. two recombinant plasmids were constructed. one of them contained the coding sequences for the major polypeptide of surface antigen. another construct carried the major polypeptide with the pre-s2 a...

background: the double heterozygous state of α/β thalassemia may alter the hematological indices and modify the phonotype. in addion, definite characterizaon of co-inheritance of α- and β-thalassemia heterozygous carriers may change the process of genec counseling. materials and methods: an iranian couple with low hematological indices was analyzed for α-globin gene deleons using mulplex g...

background: cutaneous and visceral leishmaniases are present in fars province in the south of iran. the current study aimed to evaluate the inter- and intragenic diversities of leishmania species isolated from patients with leishmaniasis in fars province, using pcr-based analyses and dna sequencing of  the n-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase ( nagt ) gene. methods: clinical samples were...

background: pteridine metabolic pathway is unusual features of leishmania , which is necessary for the growth of parasite. leishmania has evolved a complex and versatile pteridine salvage network which has the ability of scavenging a wide area of the conjugated and unconjugated pteridines espe-cially folate and biopterin. in this study, we focus on the inhibition of ptr1 gene expression. method...

Gene therapy as a modern therapeutic approach has not yet advanced to a globally-approved therapeutic approach. Lack of adequate reliable gene delivery system seems to be one of the major reasons from the pharmaceutical biotechnology point of view. Main obstacles delaying successful application of human gene therapy are presented in this review. The unique advantages of non-biological gene carr...

In Leishmania major, the core of the abundant surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG) is structurally related to that of the smaller glycosylinositolphospholipids (GIPLs) in containing galactosylfuranose (Gal(f)) residues in a Gal(f) (beta1, 3)Man motif. However, deletion of the putative Gal(f)-transferase (Gal(f)T) LPG1 affected Gal(f) incorporation in LPG but not GIPLs. We hypothesized that the presu...

Our analyses of several genomes indicate that in about 10% gene pairs, selection begins to guard a new gene copy very soon after a duplication event whereas the vast majority (90%) of extra genes remain redundant and unrecognised by selection. Such duplicates accumulate all mutations (including degenerative) in neutral fashion and are actually destined to become pseudogenes. We revealed this “t...