We examined the effects of adaptation and test contrasts on the duration of two types of motion aftereffect (MAE) that presumably reveal different levels of motion processing: MAE with a static test stimulus (static MAE), and that with a counterphasing test stimulus (flicker MAE). MAE duration increased with increasing adaptation contrast. When the test contrast was low, it increased rapidly, a...

Adaptation to motion produces a motion aftereffect (MAE), where illusory, oppositely-directed motion is perceived when viewing a stationary image. A common hypothesis for motion adaptation is that it reflects an imbalance of activity caused by neuronal fatigue. However, the perceptual MAE exhibits storage, in that the MAE appears even after a prolonged period of darkness is interposed between t...

Repetitive eye movement produces a compelling motion aftereffect (MAE). One mechanism thought to contribute to the illusory movement is an extra-retinal motion signal generated after adaptation. However, extra-retinal signals are also generated during pursuit. They modulate activity within cortical motion-processing area MST, helping transform retinal motion into motion in the world during an e...

One of the many interesting questions in motion aftereffect (MAE) research is concerned with the location(s) along the pathway of visual processing at which certain perceptual manifestations of this illusory motion originate. One such manifestation is the unidirectionality of the MAE after adaptation to moving plaids or transparent motion. This unidirectionality has led to the suggestion that t...

Marasmius androsaceus is a medicinal fungus mainly used to treat various forms of pain in China. This study investigated the analgesic effects of an ethanol extract of M. androsaceus (MAE) and its potential molecular mechanisms. Oral administration of MAE (50, 200, and 1000 mg/kg) had significant analgesic effects in an acid-induced writhing test, a formalin test, and a hot-plate test, with eff...

In terms of the fully relativistic screened Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method we investigate the variation in the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE) of hexagonal close-packed cobalt with the addition of platinum impurities. In particular, we perform calculations on a bulk cobalt system in which one of the atomic layers contains a fractional, substitutional platinum impurity. Our calculation...

A randomized clinical trial was utilized to compare the improvement of depression and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels between community women with and without music aerobic exercise (MAE) for 12 weeks. The MAE group involved 47 eligible participants, whereas the comparison group had 59 participants. No significant differences were recorded in the demographic characteristics betw...

One of the many interesting questions in motion aftereffect (MAE) research is concerned with the location(s) along the pathway of visual processing at which certain perceptual manifestations of this illusory motion originate. One such manifestation is the unidirectionality of the MAE after adaptation to moving plaids or transparent motion. This unidirectionality has led to the suggestion that t...

PURPOSE This study was designed to examine the relationships among minority dialect use, language ability, and young African American English (AAE)-speaking children's understanding and awareness of Mainstream American English (MAE). METHOD Eighty-three 4- to 8-year-old AAE-speaking children participated in 2 experimental tasks. One task evaluated their awareness of differences between MAE an...

The motion after-effect (MAE) can be elicited by adapting observers to global motion of randomly distributed dots before they view a display containing dots moving in random directions, but no global motion. Experiments by others have shown that if the adaptation stimulus contains two directions of motion, the MAE points opposite to the vector sum of the adapting directions. The present study i...