The M2-1 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a transcription processivity factor that is essential for virus replication. The function of RSV M2-1 protein can be examined by using an RSVlacZ minigenome assay in vitro since the expression of the lacZ gene is dependent on M2-1. The M2-1 protein of pneumonia virus of mice (PVM), also a member of the Pneumovirus genus, functions poorly ...

The influenza virus M1 mRNA has two alternative 5' splice sites: a distal 5' splice site producing mRNA3 that has the coding potential for 9 amino acids and a proximal 5' splice site producing M2 mRNA encoding the essential M2 ion-channel protein. Only mRNA3 was made in uninfected cells transfected with DNA expressing M1 mRNA. Similarly, using nuclear extracts from uninfected cells, in vitro sp...

background and objective: helicobacter pylori has several strains with different degrees of virulence. the aim of this study was to detect two major important virulence factors, caga/vaca genotypes, and to determine correlations among different caga/vaca genotypes and histological features of chronic gastritis in iranian patients. methods: in this cross- sectional study, gastric biopsy was take...

INTRODUCTION We recently reported macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue of critically ill patients. Classically activated macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue is a known feature of obesity, where it is linked with increasing insulin resistance. However, the characteristics of adipose tissue macrophage accumulation in critical illness remain unknown. METHODS We studied macrophage mark...

BACKGROUND Ribonucleotide reductase (RR) inhibition by hydroxyurea (HU) causes deoxyribonucleotide (dNTP) depletion, which activates the replication checkpoint, a part of the S-phase checkpoint that responds to DNA damage by inhibiting late origin firing. It also transactivates RR and other genes involved in DNA replication and repair. ICBP90 (overexpressed in breast cancer) is a novel Rb-assoc...

Ribonucleotide reducÃ-ase (RR) is a rate-limiting enzyme in DNA syn thesis. The enzyme consists of two subunits, Ml and M2. Hydroxyurea (III ) is an M2-specific inhibitor. It has been shown that a I II'-résistant clone derived from stepwise exposure to HU overexpresses the M2 mRNA and the RR protein (Y. Yen et al, Cancer Res., 54: 3868-3691, 1994). In this study, we established stable clones b...

Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (gammaHV68) infection of mice provides a tractable small-animal model system for assessing the requirements for the establishment and maintenance of gammaherpesvirus latency within the lymphoid compartment. The M2 gene product of gammaHV68 is a latency-associated antigen with no discernible homology to any known proteins. Here we focus on the requirement for the M2 ge...

BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and macrophages play an important role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Currently, it is not clear whether inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 predominate among the resident macrophages in the synovium. In the present study, we set out to investigate the impact of TLR stimulation on monocyte-derived M1 and M2 macrophage function and phenotype by mimicking ...

chromosomal abnormalities detected in human acute myeloid leukaemia subtype 2 (M2). However, AML1-ETO alone is insufficient to develop leukaemia [1, 2]. To search for putative novel leukaemia associated genes, we therefore studied the gene expression profiles in AML-M2. BAALC as one of the genes found may be crucial in the pathogenesis of AML-M2. Some studies have reported that overexpression o...

The present study was aimed to construct a fusion plasmid harboring the extracellular domain of the influenza A M2-protein (M2e), which was fused to the N-terminus of the truncated HSP70 (HSP70359–610) molecule as a new approach for future vaccine research against influenza A. The amplified fragments, M2e and HSP70359-610 genes, were gel-purified. The products were then single digested with Bam...