Background: Aging is associated with attenuation of immune responses. Studies show that old people are vulnerable to infectious diseases such as influenza. α-Tocopherol as an immunomodulator affects immune responses. In the present study, the effect of α-tocopherol, on lymphocyte responses i.e. interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)  in elde...

Background: Vaccines based on virus-like particles are effective against Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection; however, they have not shown a therapeutic effect against HPV-associated diseases. New immunotherapy strategies based on immune responses against tumor antigens can positively affect the clearance of HPV-associated lesions. Objective: To generate two therapeutic fusion DNA vaccines (o...

Random one-way microtiter mixed lymphocyte cultures between 43 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and 45 controls consisting of 26 normal subjects and 19 miscellaneous non-RA patients were performed and results were evaluated as relative responses. Low responses (consisting of relative response less than 38%) were found in 31 out of 43 RA patients in cultures against eight of the RA stimulators...

The potential immunomodulatory effects of chromium were investigated using a series of in vitro and in vivo studies. Chromium (as K2CrO4) in concentrations spanning five orders of magnitude was added in vitro to T-lymphocyte (concanavalin A) and B-lymphocyte (liposaccharide) mitogen cultures and was found to inhibit T-lymphocyte responses at all concentrations tested and to inhibit B-lymphocyte...

Human low density lipoprotein (LDL, d = 1.020-1.050 g/ml) inhibits mitogen-stimulated T lymphocyte DNA synthesis. Because both LDL and transferrin bind to specific cell surface receptors and enter cells by the similar means of receptor-mediated endocytosis, and because transferrin is necessary for lymphocyte DNA synthesis, we investigated the possibility that LDL may inhibit mitogen-stimulated ...

Various aspects of the immune system display circadian rhythms. Although lymphocyte trafficking has been suggested to show diurnal variations, the mechanisms and influences on immune responses are unclear. Here, we show in mice that inputs from adrenergic nerves contribute to the diurnal variation of lymphocyte recirculation through lymph nodes (LNs), which is reflected in the magnitude of the ...

In vitro lymphocyte responses to Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been found to be impaired in cystic fibrosis patients with advanced clinical disease. The responses to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, and Proteus mirabilis were studied in a similar group of cystic fibrosis patients and normal individuals. Cystic fibrosis patients found to be unresponsive to pseudomonas were also unrespon...